mirror of
https://github.com/facebook/zstd
synced 2026-08-22 22:32:07 -04:00
7e4937bc75
The existing scalar implementation uses a 4-way pipelined histogram
calculation which is very efficient on out-of-order CPUs. However,
this can be further accelerated using the SVE2 HISTSEG instructions -
which compute a histogram for 16 byte chunks in a vector register.
On a system with 128-bit vectors (VL128) we need 16 HISTSEG executions
to compute the histogram for the whole symbol space (0..255) of 16
bytes input. However we can only accumulate 15 of such 16 byte strips
before possible overflow. So we need to extend and save the 8-bit
histogram accumulators to 16-bit after every 240 byte chunks of input.
To store all in registers we would need 32 128-bit registers. Longer
SVE2 vectors could help here, if such machines become available.
The maximum input block size in Zstd is 128 KiB, so 16-bit accumulators
would not be enough. However an LZ pass will prepend the histogram
calculation, so it is impossible (my assumption) to overflow the 16-bit
accumulators.
The symbol distribution is also not uniform, the lower values are more
common, so we used a 3 pass algorithm to prevent stack spilling. In the
first pass we only compute histograms for 64 symbols (4-way SIMD) while
also computing the maximum symbol value. If we have symbol values
larger than 64 we start the second pass to compute the next 96 elements
of the histogram. The final pass calculates the remaining part of the
histogram (256 symbols in total) if needed. This split of histogram
generation gave the best overall results for performance.
This implementation is the best performing of a number of different
cache blocking schemes tested.
Compression uplifts on a Neoverse V2 system, using Zstd-1.5.8
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| .. | ||
| clevels.h | ||
| fse_compress.c | ||
| hist.c | ||
| hist.h | ||
| huf_compress.c | ||
| zstd_compress.c | ||
| zstd_compress_internal.h | ||
| zstd_compress_literals.c | ||
| zstd_compress_literals.h | ||
| zstd_compress_sequences.c | ||
| zstd_compress_sequences.h | ||
| zstd_compress_superblock.c | ||
| zstd_compress_superblock.h | ||
| zstd_cwksp.h | ||
| zstd_double_fast.c | ||
| zstd_double_fast.h | ||
| zstd_fast.c | ||
| zstd_fast.h | ||
| zstd_lazy.c | ||
| zstd_lazy.h | ||
| zstd_ldm.c | ||
| zstd_ldm.h | ||
| zstd_ldm_geartab.h | ||
| zstd_opt.c | ||
| zstd_opt.h | ||
| zstd_preSplit.c | ||
| zstd_preSplit.h | ||
| zstdmt_compress.c | ||
| zstdmt_compress.h | ||