diff --git a/application/config/migration.php b/application/config/migration.php
index 343f22cd0..9948fe947 100644
--- a/application/config/migration.php
+++ b/application/config/migration.php
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ $config['migration_enabled'] = TRUE;
 |
 */
 
-$config['migration_version'] = 246;
+$config['migration_version'] = 247;
 
 /*
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/application/controllers/Lotw.php b/application/controllers/Lotw.php
index 1a0aaf37c..56cb66215 100644
--- a/application/controllers/Lotw.php
+++ b/application/controllers/Lotw.php
@@ -526,6 +526,10 @@ class Lotw extends CI_Controller {
 			$tableheaders .= "</tr>";
 
 			$table = "";
+			$batch_updates = array(); // Collect all updates for batch processing
+			$table_rows = array(); // Collect table rows for later rendering
+			
+			// First pass: collect all records for batch processing
 			while($record = $this->adif_parser->get_record())
 			{
 
@@ -548,75 +552,93 @@ class Lotw extends CI_Controller {
 				$status = $this->logbook_model->import_check($time_on, $record['call'], $record['band'], $record['mode'], $record['station_callsign']);
 
 				if($status[0] == "Found") {
-					if (isset($record['state'])) {
-						$state = $record['state'];
-					} else {
-						$state = "";
-					}
-					// Present only if the QSLing station specified a single valid grid square value in its station location uploaded to LoTW.
-					if (isset($record['gridsquare'])) {
-						$qsl_gridsquare = $record['gridsquare'];
-					} else {
-						$qsl_gridsquare = "";
-					}
+					$state = isset($record['state']) ? $record['state'] : "";
+					$qsl_gridsquare = isset($record['gridsquare']) ? $record['gridsquare'] : "";
+					$qsl_vucc_grids = isset($record['vucc_grids']) ? $record['vucc_grids'] : "";
+					$iota = isset($record['iota']) ? $record['iota'] : "";
+					$cnty = isset($record['cnty']) ? $record['cnty'] : "";
+					$cqz = isset($record['cqz']) ? $record['cqz'] : "";
+					$ituz = isset($record['ituz']) ? $record['ituz'] : "";
 
-					if (isset($record['vucc_grids'])) {
-						$qsl_vucc_grids = $record['vucc_grids'];
-					} else {
-						$qsl_vucc_grids = "";
-					}
-
-					if (isset($record['iota'])) {
-						$iota = $record['iota'];
-					} else {
-						$iota = "";
-					}
-
-					if (isset($record['cnty'])) {
-						$cnty = $record['cnty'];
-					} else {
-						$cnty = "";
-					}
-
-					if (isset($record['cqz'])) {
-						$cqz = $record['cqz'];
-					} else {
-						$cqz = "";
-					}
-
-					if (isset($record['ituz'])) {
-						$ituz = $record['ituz'];
-					} else {
-						$ituz = "";
-					}
-
-					$lotw_status = $this->logbook_model->lotw_update($time_on, $record['call'], $record['band'], $qsl_date, $record['qsl_rcvd'], $state, $qsl_gridsquare, $qsl_vucc_grids, $iota, $cnty, $cqz, $ituz, $record['station_callsign']);
+					// Add to batch update array
+					$batch_updates[] = array(
+						'datetime' => $time_on,
+						'callsign' => $record['call'],
+						'band' => $record['band'],
+						'qsl_date' => $qsl_date,
+						'qsl_status' => $record['qsl_rcvd'],
+						'state' => $state,
+						'qsl_gridsquare' => $qsl_gridsquare,
+						'qsl_vucc_grids' => $qsl_vucc_grids,
+						'iota' => $iota,
+						'cnty' => $cnty,
+						'cqz' => $cqz,
+						'ituz' => $ituz,
+						'station_callsign' => $record['station_callsign']
+					);
 
+					$table_rows[] = array(
+						'station_callsign' => $record['station_callsign'],
+						'time_on' => $time_on,
+						'call' => $record['call'],
+						'mode' => $record['mode'],
+						'qsl_rcvd' => $record['qsl_rcvd'],
+						'qsl_date' => $qsl_date,
+						'state' => $state,
+						'gridsquare' => ($qsl_gridsquare != '' ? $qsl_gridsquare : $qsl_vucc_grids),
+						'iota' => $iota,
+						'status' => $status[0],
+						'found' => true
+					);
+				} else {
+					$table_rows[] = array(
+						'station_callsign' => $record['station_callsign'],
+						'time_on' => $time_on,
+						'call' => $record['call'],
+						'mode' => $record['mode'],
+						'qsl_rcvd' => $record['qsl_rcvd'],
+						'status' => $status[0],
+						'found' => false
+					);
+				}
+			}
+			
+			// Batch update all LOTW confirmations in one operation
+			$lotw_status = "No updates";
+			if (!empty($batch_updates)) {
+				$result = $this->logbook_model->lotw_update_batch($batch_updates);
+				$lotw_status = "Batch Updated: {$result['updated']} QSOs, {$result['gridsquare_updated']} gridsquares";
+				log_message('info', 'LoTW Download: ' . $lotw_status);
+			}
+			
+			// Build table from collected rows
+			foreach ($table_rows as $row) {
+				if ($row['found']) {
 					$table .= "<tr>";
-						$table .= "<td>".$record['station_callsign']."</td>";
-						$table .= "<td>".$time_on."</td>";
-						$table .= "<td>".$record['call']."</td>";
-						$table .= "<td>".$record['mode']."</td>";
-						$table .= "<td>".$record['qsl_rcvd']."</td>";
-						$table .= "<td>".$qsl_date."</td>";
-						$table .= "<td>".$state."</td>";
-						$table .= "<td>".($qsl_gridsquare != '' ? $qsl_gridsquare : $qsl_vucc_grids)."</td>";
-						$table .= "<td>".$iota."</td>";
-						$table .= "<td>QSO Record: ".$status[0]."</td>";
+						$table .= "<td>".$row['station_callsign']."</td>";
+						$table .= "<td>".$row['time_on']."</td>";
+						$table .= "<td>".$row['call']."</td>";
+						$table .= "<td>".$row['mode']."</td>";
+						$table .= "<td>".$row['qsl_rcvd']."</td>";
+						$table .= "<td>".$row['qsl_date']."</td>";
+						$table .= "<td>".$row['state']."</td>";
+						$table .= "<td>".$row['gridsquare']."</td>";
+						$table .= "<td>".$row['iota']."</td>";
+						$table .= "<td>QSO Record: ".$row['status']."</td>";
 						$table .= "<td>LoTW Record: ".$lotw_status."</td>";
 					$table .= "</tr>";
 				} else {
 					$table .= "<tr>";
-						$table .= "<td>".$record['station_callsign']."</td>";
-						$table .= "<td>".$time_on."</td>";
-						$table .= "<td>".$record['call']."</td>";
-						$table .= "<td>".$record['mode']."</td>";
-						$table .= "<td>".$record['qsl_rcvd']."</td>";
+						$table .= "<td>".$row['station_callsign']."</td>";
+						$table .= "<td>".$row['time_on']."</td>";
+						$table .= "<td>".$row['call']."</td>";
+						$table .= "<td>".$row['mode']."</td>";
+						$table .= "<td>".$row['qsl_rcvd']."</td>";
 						$table .= "<td></td>";
 						$table .= "<td></td>";
 						$table .= "<td></td>";
 						$table .= "<td></td>";
-						$table .= "<td>QSO Record: ".$status[0]."</td>";
+						$table .= "<td>QSO Record: ".$row['status']."</td>";
 						$table .= "<td></td>";
 					$table .= "</tr>";
 				}
diff --git a/application/migrations/247_add_lotw_performance_indexes.php b/application/migrations/247_add_lotw_performance_indexes.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4cd471862
--- /dev/null
+++ b/application/migrations/247_add_lotw_performance_indexes.php
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+<?php
+
+defined('BASEPATH') or exit('No direct script access allowed');
+
+class Migration_add_lotw_performance_indexes extends CI_Migration
+{
+
+    public function up()
+    {
+        $this->db->db_debug = false;
+        
+        $table_name = $this->config->item('table_name');
+        
+        // Add index on COL_LOTW_QSLRDATE for lotw_last_qsl_date() query
+        // Dramatically improves performance when finding the last LOTW confirmation date
+        $lotw_qslrdate_index_exists = $this->db->query("SHOW INDEX FROM $table_name WHERE Key_name = 'idx_lotw_qslrdate'")->num_rows();
+        
+        if ($lotw_qslrdate_index_exists == 0) {
+            $sql = "ALTER TABLE $table_name ADD INDEX `idx_lotw_qslrdate` (`COL_LOTW_QSLRDATE`)";
+            $this->db->query($sql);
+        }
+        
+        // Add composite index for get_lotw_qsos_to_upload() query
+        // This index covers the WHERE and ORDER BY clauses for efficient LOTW upload preparation
+        // Format: (station_id, COL_LOTW_QSL_SENT, COL_TIME_ON)
+        $lotw_upload_index_exists = $this->db->query("SHOW INDEX FROM $table_name WHERE Key_name = 'idx_lotw_qsos_to_upload'")->num_rows();
+        
+        if ($lotw_upload_index_exists == 0) {
+            $sql = "ALTER TABLE $table_name ADD INDEX `idx_lotw_qsos_to_upload` (`station_id`, `COL_LOTW_QSL_SENT`, `COL_TIME_ON`)";
+            $this->db->query($sql);
+        }
+        
+        // Add composite index for LOTW confirmation matching in batch downloads
+        // Speeds up import_check() and lotw_update_batch() lookups
+        // Format: (COL_TIME_ON, COL_CALL, COL_BAND, COL_STATION_CALLSIGN)
+        $lotw_match_index_exists = $this->db->query("SHOW INDEX FROM $table_name WHERE Key_name = 'idx_lotw_confirmation_match'")->num_rows();
+        
+        if ($lotw_match_index_exists == 0) {
+            $sql = "ALTER TABLE $table_name ADD INDEX `idx_lotw_confirmation_match` (`COL_TIME_ON`, `COL_CALL`, `COL_BAND`, `COL_STATION_CALLSIGN`)";
+            $this->db->query($sql);
+        }
+        
+        $this->db->db_debug = true;
+    }
+
+    public function down()
+    {
+        $this->db->db_debug = false;
+        
+        $table_name = $this->config->item('table_name');
+        
+        // Drop the LOTW QSLRDATE index if it exists
+        $lotw_qslrdate_index_exists = $this->db->query("SHOW INDEX FROM $table_name WHERE Key_name = 'idx_lotw_qslrdate'")->num_rows();
+        
+        if ($lotw_qslrdate_index_exists > 0) {
+            $sql = "ALTER TABLE $table_name DROP INDEX `idx_lotw_qslrdate`";
+            $this->db->query($sql);
+        }
+        
+        // Drop the LOTW upload index if it exists
+        $lotw_upload_index_exists = $this->db->query("SHOW INDEX FROM $table_name WHERE Key_name = 'idx_lotw_qsos_to_upload'")->num_rows();
+        
+        if ($lotw_upload_index_exists > 0) {
+            $sql = "ALTER TABLE $table_name DROP INDEX `idx_lotw_qsos_to_upload`";
+            $this->db->query($sql);
+        }
+        
+        // Drop the LOTW confirmation match index if it exists
+        $lotw_match_index_exists = $this->db->query("SHOW INDEX FROM $table_name WHERE Key_name = 'idx_lotw_confirmation_match'")->num_rows();
+        
+        if ($lotw_match_index_exists > 0) {
+            $sql = "ALTER TABLE $table_name DROP INDEX `idx_lotw_confirmation_match`";
+            $this->db->query($sql);
+        }
+        
+        $this->db->db_debug = true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/application/models/Logbook_model.php b/application/models/Logbook_model.php
index ab0b625dc..5237aaf68 100755
--- a/application/models/Logbook_model.php
+++ b/application/models/Logbook_model.php
@@ -3504,6 +3504,182 @@ class Logbook_model extends CI_Model
     return "Updated";
   }
 
+  /*
+   * Batch update multiple QSOs from LoTW confirmation downloads
+   * Replaces N individual lotw_update() calls with batch operations
+   * Provides massive performance improvement for large LOTW downloads
+   * 
+   * @param array $records Array of LOTW confirmation records with keys:
+   *                       datetime, callsign, band, qsl_date, qsl_status, 
+   *                       state, qsl_gridsquare, qsl_vucc_grids, iota, 
+   *                       cnty, cqz, ituz, station_callsign
+   * @return array Statistics array with 'updated', 'gridsquare_updated', 'errors' counts
+   */
+  function lotw_update_batch($records)
+  {
+    if (empty($records) || !is_array($records)) {
+      log_message('debug', 'LoTW batch update: No records provided');
+      return array('updated' => 0, 'gridsquare_updated' => 0, 'errors' => 0);
+    }
+
+    $record_count = count($records);
+    log_message('info', "LoTW batch update: Processing {$record_count} confirmation records");
+
+    $table_name = $this->config->item('table_name');
+    
+    // Step 1: Build WHERE conditions to find all matching QSOs and their current upload status
+    $match_conditions = array();
+    foreach ($records as $idx => $record) {
+      $match_conditions[] = sprintf(
+        "(date_format(COL_TIME_ON, '%%Y-%%m-%%d %%H:%%i') = '%s' AND COL_CALL = '%s' AND COL_BAND = '%s' AND COL_STATION_CALLSIGN = '%s')",
+        $this->db->escape_str($record['datetime']),
+        $this->db->escape_str($record['callsign']),
+        $this->db->escape_str($record['band']),
+        $this->db->escape_str($record['station_callsign'])
+      );
+    }
+    
+    // Step 2: Get all matching QSOs with their current upload status and gridsquare
+    $sql = "SELECT COL_PRIMARY_KEY, 
+                   date_format(COL_TIME_ON, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%i') as fmt_time,
+                   COL_CALL, COL_BAND, COL_STATION_CALLSIGN,
+                   COL_CLUBLOG_QSO_UPLOAD_STATUS as CL_STATE,
+                   COL_QRZCOM_QSO_UPLOAD_STATUS as QRZ_STATE,
+                   COL_LOTW_QSL_RCVD,
+                   station_profile.station_gridsquare,
+                   station_profile.station_id
+            FROM {$table_name}
+            LEFT JOIN station_profile ON {$table_name}.station_id = station_profile.station_id
+            WHERE (" . implode(' OR ', $match_conditions) . ")";
+    
+    $query = $this->db->query($sql);
+    
+    if ($query->num_rows() == 0) {
+      log_message('warning', 'LoTW batch update: No matching QSOs found in database');
+      return array('updated' => 0, 'gridsquare_updated' => 0, 'errors' => 0);
+    }
+    
+    // Step 3: Build lookup map and batch update array
+    $qso_map = array();
+    foreach ($query->result() as $qso) {
+      $key = $qso->fmt_time . '|' . $qso->COL_CALL . '|' . $qso->COL_BAND . '|' . $qso->COL_STATION_CALLSIGN;
+      $qso_map[$key] = $qso;
+    }
+    
+    $batch_updates = array();
+    $gridsquare_updates = array();
+    
+    foreach ($records as $record) {
+      $key = $record['datetime'] . '|' . $record['callsign'] . '|' . $record['band'] . '|' . $record['station_callsign'];
+      
+      if (!isset($qso_map[$key])) {
+        continue; // QSO not found in database
+      }
+      
+      $qso = $qso_map[$key];
+      
+      // Skip if already updated with this exact status
+      if ($qso->COL_LOTW_QSL_RCVD == $record['qsl_status']) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      
+      $update_data = array(
+        'COL_PRIMARY_KEY' => $qso->COL_PRIMARY_KEY,
+        'COL_LOTW_QSLRDATE' => $record['qsl_date'],
+        'COL_LOTW_QSL_RCVD' => $record['qsl_status'],
+        'COL_LOTW_QSL_SENT' => 'Y'
+      );
+      
+      // Add optional fields
+      if (!empty($record['state'])) {
+        $update_data['COL_STATE'] = $record['state'];
+      }
+      if (!empty($record['iota'])) {
+        $update_data['COL_IOTA'] = $record['iota'];
+      }
+      if (!empty($record['cnty'])) {
+        $update_data['COL_CNTY'] = $record['cnty'];
+      }
+      if (!empty($record['cqz'])) {
+        $update_data['COL_CQZ'] = $record['cqz'];
+      }
+      if (!empty($record['ituz'])) {
+        $update_data['COL_ITUZ'] = $record['ituz'];
+      }
+      
+      // Mark for re-upload to QRZ/ClubLog if already uploaded
+      if ($qso->QRZ_STATE == 'Y') {
+        $update_data['COL_QRZCOM_QSO_UPLOAD_STATUS'] = 'M';
+      }
+      if ($qso->CL_STATE == 'Y') {
+        $update_data['COL_CLUBLOG_QSO_UPLOAD_STATUS'] = 'M';
+      }
+      
+      $batch_updates[] = $update_data;
+      
+      // Handle gridsquare updates separately (need distance calculation)
+      if (!empty($record['qsl_gridsquare']) || !empty($record['qsl_vucc_grids'])) {
+        $gridsquare_updates[] = array(
+          'COL_PRIMARY_KEY' => $qso->COL_PRIMARY_KEY,
+          'station_gridsquare' => $qso->station_gridsquare,
+          'qsl_gridsquare' => $record['qsl_gridsquare'] ?? '',
+          'qsl_vucc_grids' => $record['qsl_vucc_grids'] ?? ''
+        );
+      }
+    }
+    
+    // Step 4: Execute batch update
+    $updated_count = 0;
+    if (!empty($batch_updates)) {
+      $this->db->update_batch($table_name, $batch_updates, 'COL_PRIMARY_KEY');
+      $updated_count = $this->db->affected_rows();
+      log_message('info', "LoTW batch update: Updated {$updated_count} QSO records");
+    }
+    
+    // Step 5: Handle gridsquare updates with distance calculation
+    $gridsquare_count = 0;
+    if (!empty($gridsquare_updates)) {
+      if (!$this->load->is_loaded('Qra')) {
+        $this->load->library('Qra');
+      }
+      
+      $grid_batch = array();
+      foreach ($gridsquare_updates as $grid_update) {
+        $data = array('COL_PRIMARY_KEY' => $grid_update['COL_PRIMARY_KEY']);
+        
+        if (!empty($grid_update['qsl_gridsquare'])) {
+          $data['COL_GRIDSQUARE'] = $grid_update['qsl_gridsquare'];
+          $data['COL_DISTANCE'] = $this->qra->distance(
+            $grid_update['station_gridsquare'], 
+            $grid_update['qsl_gridsquare'], 
+            'K'
+          );
+        } elseif (!empty($grid_update['qsl_vucc_grids'])) {
+          $data['COL_VUCC_GRIDS'] = $grid_update['qsl_vucc_grids'];
+          $data['COL_DISTANCE'] = $this->qra->distance(
+            $grid_update['station_gridsquare'], 
+            $grid_update['qsl_vucc_grids'], 
+            'K'
+          );
+        }
+        
+        $grid_batch[] = $data;
+      }
+      
+      if (!empty($grid_batch)) {
+        $this->db->update_batch($table_name, $grid_batch, 'COL_PRIMARY_KEY');
+        $gridsquare_count = $this->db->affected_rows();
+        log_message('info', "LoTW batch update: Updated {$gridsquare_count} gridsquare/distance records");
+      }
+    }
+    
+    return array(
+      'updated' => $updated_count,
+      'gridsquare_updated' => $gridsquare_count,
+      'errors' => 0
+    );
+  }
+
   function qrz_last_qsl_date($user_id)
   {
     $sql = "SELECT date_format(MAX(COALESCE(COL_QRZCOM_QSO_DOWNLOAD_DATE, str_to_date('1900-01-01','%Y-%m-%d'))),'%Y-%m-%d') MAXDATE
diff --git a/application/models/LotwCert.php b/application/models/LotwCert.php
index 0c97fc699..7d49ac0c9 100644
--- a/application/models/LotwCert.php
+++ b/application/models/LotwCert.php
@@ -78,26 +78,28 @@ class LotwCert extends CI_Model {
 	}
 
 	function toggle_archive_certificate($user_id, $lotw_cert_id) {
-		// First get current archive status
+		// Use single UPDATE with calculated toggle instead of SELECT+UPDATE
+		// archived = 1 - archived toggles between 0 and 1
+		$this->db->set('archived', '1 - archived', FALSE);
+		$this->db->where('lotw_cert_id', $lotw_cert_id);
+		$this->db->where('user_id', $user_id);
+		$this->db->update('lotw_certs');
+		
+		if ($this->db->affected_rows() == 0) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		
+		// Get final status to return
 		$this->db->select('archived');
 		$this->db->where('lotw_cert_id', $lotw_cert_id);
 		$this->db->where('user_id', $user_id);
 		$query = $this->db->get('lotw_certs');
 		
-		if($query->num_rows() == 0) {
-			return false;
+		if($query->num_rows() > 0) {
+			return array('archived' => $query->row()->archived);
 		}
 		
-		$current_status = $query->row()->archived;
-		$new_status = $current_status ? 0 : 1;
-		
-		// Update the archive status
-		$data = array('archived' => $new_status);
-		$this->db->where('lotw_cert_id', $lotw_cert_id);
-		$this->db->where('user_id', $user_id);
-		$this->db->update('lotw_certs', $data);
-		
-		return array('archived' => $new_status);
+		return false;
 	}
 
 	function last_upload($certID) {