Revert s->z spelling changes

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Jim Tittsler 2023-12-14 11:55:49 +09:00
parent ba1c314ab2
commit d104a5019c

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@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ Often the errors interact, for example the fine pitch error shown above will mea
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[auto, node distance=2cm,>=triangle 45,x=1.0cm,y=1.0cm,align=center,text width=2cm]
\node [input] (input) {};
\node [input] (rinput) {};
\node [block, right of=rinput,node distance=2cm] (dequantise) {Dequantise Interpolate};
\node [block, right of=dequantise,node distance=3cm] (recover) {Recover Amplitudes};
\node [block, right of=recover,node distance=3cm] (synthesise) {Synthesise Speech};
@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ Table \ref{tab:bit_allocation} presents the bit allocation for two popular Codec
At very low bit rates such as 700 bits/s, we use Vector Quantisation (VQ) to represent the spectral amplitudes. We construct a table such that each row of the table has a set of spectral amplitude samples. In Codec 2 700C the table has 512 rows. During the quantisation process, we choose the table row that best matches the spectral amplitudes for this frame, then send the \emph{index} of the table row. The decoder has a similar table, so can use the index to look up the spectral amplitude values. If the table is 512 rows, we can use a 9 bit number to quantise the spectral amplitudes. In Codec 2 700C, we use two tables of 512 entries each (18 bits total), the second one helps fine tune the quantisation from the first table.
Vector Quantisation can only represent what is present in the tables, so if it sees anything unusual (for example, a different microphone frequency response or background noise), the quantization can become very rough and speech quality poor. We train the tables at design time using a database of speech samples and a training algorithm - an early form of machine learning.
Vector Quantisation can only represent what is present in the tables, so if it sees anything unusual (for example, a different microphone frequency response or background noise), the quantisation can become very rough and speech quality poor. We train the tables at design time using a database of speech samples and a training algorithm - an early form of machine learning.
Codec 2 3200 uses the method of fitting a filter to the spectral amplitudes, this approach tends to be more forgiving of small variations in the input speech spectrum, but is not as efficient in terms of bit rate.
@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ r &= \frac{\omega_0 N_{dft}}{2 \pi}
\end{equation}
The DFT indexes $a_m, b_m$ select the band of $S_w(k)$ containing the $m$-th harmonic; $r$ maps the harmonic number $m$ to the nearest DFT index, and $\lfloor x \rceil$ is the rounding operator. This method of estimating $A_m$ is relatively insensitive to small errors in $F0$ estimation and works equally well for voiced and unvoiced speech. Figure $\ref{fig:hts2a_time}$ plots $S_w$ (blue) and $\{A_m\}$ (red) for a sample frame of female speech.
The phase is sampled at the centre of the band. For all practical Codec 2 modes, the phase is not transmitted to the decoder, so it does not need to be computed. However, speech synthesized using the phase is useful as a control during development and is available using the \emph{c2sim} utility.
The phase is sampled at the centre of the band. For all practical Codec 2 modes, the phase is not transmitted to the decoder, so it does not need to be computed. However, speech synthesised using the phase is useful as a control during development and is available using the \emph{c2sim} utility.
\subsection{Sinusoidal Synthesis}