/**
 * @file PSKReporter.cpp
 * @brief Implementation of PSKReporter class
 * Interface for posting spots to PSK Reporter web site
 * Implemented by Edson Pereira PY2SDR
 * Updated by Bill Somerville, G4WJS
 * Updated by Allan Bazinet, W6BAZ
 * Updated by Rob Ruchte, K4RWR
 *
 * Reports will be sent in batch mode every 5 minutes.
 */
#include "PSKReporter.h"
#include "JS8_Include/pimpl_impl.h"
#include "JS8_Main/Bands.h"
#include "JS8_Main/DriftingDateTime.h"
#include "JS8_UI/Configuration.h"

#include <QByteArray>
#include <QDataStream>
#include <QDateTime>
#include <QDir>
#include <QFile>
#include <QHash>
#include <QLoggingCategory>
#include <QObject>
#include <QQueue>
#include <QRandomGenerator>
#include <QSharedPointer>
#include <QString>
#include <QTimer>
#include <QUdpSocket>

#include <algorithm>
#include <cstddef>
#include <ctime>

#include "moc_PSKReporter.cpp"

Q_DECLARE_LOGGING_CATEGORY(pskreporter_js8)

/******************************************************************************/
// Constants
/******************************************************************************/

namespace {
using namespace Qt::Literals::StringLiterals;

constexpr auto HOST = "report.pskreporter.info"_L1;
constexpr quint16 PORT = 4739;               // 14739 for test
constexpr int MIN_SEND_INTERVAL = 120;       // in seconds
constexpr int JITTER_MAX = 5;                // in seconds
constexpr int FLUSH_INTERVAL = 4;            // in send intervals
constexpr qsizetype MAX_STRING_LENGTH = 254; // PSK reporter spec
constexpr std::time_t CACHE_TIMEOUT = 3600;  // in seconds
constexpr int MIN_PAYLOAD_LENGTH = 508;
constexpr int MAX_PAYLOAD_LENGTH = 10000;
} // namespace

/******************************************************************************/
// Utility Functions
/******************************************************************************/

namespace {
// Write the string to the data stream in UTF-8 format, preceded by
// a size byte.
//
// From https://pskreporter.info/pskdev.html
//
//   The data that follows is encoded as three (or four — the number
//   depends on the number of fields in the record format descriptor)
//   fields of byte length code followed by UTF-8 (use ASCII if you
//   don't know what UTF-8 is) data. The length code is the number of
//   bytes of data and does not include the length code itself. Each
//   field is limited to a length code of no more than 254 bytes.
//   Finally, the record is null padded to a multiple of 4 bytes.
//
// From https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc7011/
//
// 6.1.6.  string and octetArray
//
//    The "string" data type represents a finite-length string of valid
//    characters of the Unicode character encoding set.  The string data
//    type MUST be encoded in UTF-8 [RFC3629] format.  The string is sent
//    as an array of zero or more octets using an Information Element of
//    fixed or variable length.  IPFIX Exporting Processes MUST NOT send
//    IPFIX Messages containing ill-formed UTF-8 string values for
//    Information Elements of the string data type; Collecting Processes
//    SHOULD detect and ignore such values.  See [UTF8-EXPLOIT] for
//    background on this issue.

/**
 * @brief Writes a UTF-8 string to the given data stream.
 *
 * @param out
 * @param s
 */
void writeUtfString(QDataStream &out, QString const &s) {
    auto utf = s.toUtf8();

    // The original code would just truncate the string to a maximum length
    // of 254 bytes blindly here, but that might land us in the middle of
    // a code point, thus violating 6.1.6. Therefore, if we must truncate,
    // we need to do so at a point where we stay legal.

    if (utf.size() > MAX_STRING_LENGTH) {
        // Walk back through the UTF-8 data and see where we can truncate.
        // Continuation bytes in UTF-8 sequences are in the range 0x80-0xBF.
        // Going backward from the limit, attempt to find the first starting
        // byte at which the string can be truncated safely. Since UTF-8 byte
        // sequences aren't longer than 4 bytes, this should not take more
        // than 4 loop iterations to find the correct position. Worst case,
        // we're going to emit a zero-length string.

        auto const truncatePosition = [&utf]() -> qsizetype {
            for (auto i = MAX_STRING_LENGTH; i > 0; i--) {
                if (auto const byte = static_cast<std::byte>(utf.at(i));
                    (byte & std::byte{0xC0}) != std::byte{0x80}) {
                    return i;
                }
            }
            return 0;
        };

        // Truncate at the position found. This will truncate at a codepoint
        // boundary, but it may change the characters in the string, rather
        // than just cutting them off; e.g. it might result in "résumé" being
        // turned into "résume". Never promised you a perfect solution here,
        // just a legal one.

        utf.truncate(truncatePosition());
    }

    out << quint8(utf.size());
    out.writeRawData(utf, utf.size());
}

// As mentioned above, from the PSK reporter spec, records must be null
// padded to a multiple of 4 bytes. Given a value representing a buffer
// length, return the number of additional bytes required to make it an
// even multiple of 4.

/**
 * @brief Calculates the number of padding bytes needed for 4-byte alignment.
 *
 * @param n
 * @return qsizetype
 */
qsizetype num_pad_bytes(qsizetype const n) { return ((n + 3) & ~0x3) - n; }

// If the buffer isn't landing on a 4-byte boundary, pad with nulls.
// Rewind the data stream to 2 bytes in, punch in the length of the
// buffer, and reposition to after the buffer, plus any alignment.

/**
 * @brief Sets the length of the data in the stream, adding padding if
 * necessary.
 *
 * @param out
 * @param b
 */
void set_length(QDataStream &out, QByteArray const &b) {
    // Pad out to 4-byte alignment with NUL bytes, if necessary.

    if (auto const padSize = num_pad_bytes(b.size()); padSize != 0) {
        out.writeRawData(QByteArray(padSize, '\0'), padSize);
    }

    // Remember where we are, then position to punch in the length,
    // which is always after an initial 16-bit field, i.e. after a
    // message header version field or a template set ID field.

    auto const pos = out.device()->pos();
    out.device()->seek(sizeof(quint16));

    // Insert the length, not including any nulls that we might have
    // added, and move back to where we were.

    out << static_cast<quint16>(b.size());
    out.device()->seek(pos);
}

// Append a Sender Information Descriptor to the provided message.

/**
 * @brief Appends a Sender Information Descriptor to the given message.
 *
 * @param message
 */
void appendSIDTo(QDataStream &message) {
    QByteArray buffer;
    QDataStream stream{&buffer, QIODevice::WriteOnly};

    stream << quint16(2u)     // Template Set ID
           << quint16(0u)     // Length (place-holder)
           << quint16(0x50e3) // Link ID
           << quint16(7u)     // Field Count
           << quint16(0x8000 +
                      1u) // Option 1 Information Element ID (senderCallsign)
           << quint16(0xffff) // Option 1 Field Length (variable)
           << quint32(30351u) // Option 1 Enterprise Number
           << quint16(0x8000 +
                      5u)     // Option 2 Information Element ID (frequency)
           << quint16(5u)     // Option 2 Field Length
           << quint32(30351u) // Option 2 Enterprise Number
           << quint16(0x8000 + 6u)  // Option 3 Information Element ID (sNR)
           << quint16(1u)           // Option 3 Field Length
           << quint32(30351u)       // Option 3 Enterprise Number
           << quint16(0x8000 + 10u) // Option 4 Information Element ID (mode)
           << quint16(0xffff)       // Option 4 Field Length (variable)
           << quint32(30351u)       // Option 4 Enterprise Number
           << quint16(0x8000 +
                      3u)     // Option 5 Information Element ID (senderLocator)
           << quint16(0xffff) // Option 5 Field Length (variable)
           << quint32(30351u) // Option 5 Enterprise Number
           << quint16(
                  0x8000 +
                  11u)    // Option 6 Information Element ID (informationSource)
           << quint16(1u) // Option 6 Field Length
           << quint32(30351u) // Option 6 Enterprise Number
           << quint16(150u) // Option 7 Information Element ID (dateTimeSeconds)
           << quint16(4u);  // Option 7 Field Length

    set_length(stream, buffer);
    message.writeRawData(buffer, buffer.size());
}

// Append a Receiver Information Descriptor to the provided message.

/**
 * @brief Appends a Receiver Information Descriptor to the given message.
 *
 * @param message
 */
void appendRIDTo(QDataStream &message) {
    QByteArray buffer;
    QDataStream stream{&buffer, QIODevice::WriteOnly};

    stream << quint16(3u)     // Options Template Set ID
           << quint16(0u)     // Length (place-holder)
           << quint16(0x50e2) // Link ID
           << quint16(4u)     // Field Count
           << quint16(0u)     // Scope Field Count
           << quint16(0x8000 +
                      2u) // Option 1 Information Element ID (receiverCallsign)
           << quint16(0xffff) // Option 1 Field Length (variable)
           << quint32(30351u) // Option 1 Enterprise Number
           << quint16(0x8000 +
                      4u) // Option 2 Information Element ID (receiverLocator)
           << quint16(0xffff) // Option 2 Field Length (variable)
           << quint32(30351u) // Option 2 Enterprise Number
           << quint16(0x8000 +
                      8u) // Option 3 Information Element ID (decodingSoftware)
           << quint16(0xffff) // Option 3 Field Length (variable)
           << quint32(30351u) // Option 3 Enterprise Number
           << quint16(
                  0x8000 +
                  9u) // Option 4 Information Element ID (antennaInformation)
           << quint16(0xffff)  // Option 4 Field Length (variable)
           << quint32(30351u); // Option 4 Enterprise Number

    set_length(stream, buffer);
    message.writeRawData(buffer, buffer.size());
}
} // namespace

/******************************************************************************/
// Private Implementation
/******************************************************************************/

/**
 * @private
 * @brief Private implementation of the PSKReporter class.
 *
 */
class PSKReporter::impl final : public QObject {
    Q_OBJECT

  public:
    // POD describing a spot; we queue these for later delivery.

    struct Spot {
        QString call_;
        QString grid_;
        int snr_;
        Radio::Frequency freq_;
        QString mode_;
        QDateTime time_;
    };

    // Data members

    PSKReporter *self_;
    Configuration const *config_;
    QString prog_id_;
    QTimer report_timer_;
    QTimer descriptor_timer_;
    QVector<QDateTime> eclipseDates_;
    QSharedPointer<QAbstractSocket> socket_;
    QString rx_call_;
    QString rx_grid_;
    QString rx_ant_;
    QByteArray tx_data_;
    QByteArray tx_residue_;
    QByteArray payload_;
    QQueue<Spot> spots_;
    QHash<QString, std::time_t> calls_;
    quint32 observation_id_ = QRandomGenerator::global()->generate();
    quint32 sequence_number_ = 0u;
    unsigned send_descriptors_ = 0u;
    unsigned flush_counter_ = 0u;
    bool once_ = false;

    // Constructor

    impl(PSKReporter *self, Configuration const *config,
         QString const &program_info)
        : QObject{self}, self_{self}, config_{config}, prog_id_{program_info},
          report_timer_{this}, descriptor_timer_{this} {
        // Attempt to load up the eclipse dates. Not a big deal if this fails;
        // just means that we won't bypass the spot cache during eclipse
        // periods.

        if (auto file = QFile(":/eclipse.txt");
            file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {
            auto text = QTextStream(&file);

            for (QString line; text.readLineInto(&line);) {
                if (line.isEmpty())
                    continue;
                if (line[0] == '#')
                    continue;

                if (auto const date = QDateTime::fromString(line, Qt::ISODate);
                    date.isValid()) {
                    eclipseDates_.append(date);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    void start() {
        // This timer sets the interval to check for spots to send.

        connect(&report_timer_, &QTimer::timeout, [this]() { send_report(); });

        // This timer repeats the sending of IPFIX templates and receiver
        // information if we are using UDP, in case the server has been
        // restarted and lost cached information.

        connect(&descriptor_timer_, &QTimer::timeout, [this]() {
            if (socket_ &&
                QAbstractSocket::UdpSocket == socket_->socketType()) {
                send_descriptors_ =
                    3; // Send format descriptors again, 3 times.
            }
        });
    }

    void check_connection() {
        if (!socket_ || QAbstractSocket::UnconnectedState == socket_->state()) {
            // we need to create the appropriate socket
            if (socket_ &&
                QAbstractSocket::UnconnectedState != socket_->state() &&
                QAbstractSocket::ClosingState != socket_->state()) {
                // handle re-opening asynchronously
                auto connection =
                    QSharedPointer<QMetaObject::Connection>::create();
                *connection =
                    connect(socket_.data(), &QAbstractSocket::disconnected,
                            [this, connection]() {
                                disconnect(*connection);
                                check_connection();
                            });

                // close gracefully
                send_report(true);
                socket_->close();
            } else {
                reconnect();
            }
        }
    }

    void handle_socket_error(QAbstractSocket::SocketError e) {
        qCWarning(pskreporter_js8)
            << "[PSK]socket error:" << socket_->errorString();
        switch (e) {
        case QAbstractSocket::RemoteHostClosedError:
            socket_->disconnectFromHost();
            break;

        case QAbstractSocket::TemporaryError:
            break;

        default:
            spots_.clear();
            Q_EMIT self_->errorOccurred(socket_->errorString());
            break;
        }
    }

    void reconnect() {
        // Using deleteLater for the deleter as we may eventually
        // be called from the disconnected handler above.

        socket_.reset(new QUdpSocket, &QObject::deleteLater);
        send_descriptors_ = 3;

        connect(socket_.get(), &QAbstractSocket::errorOccurred, this,
                &PSKReporter::impl::handle_socket_error);

        // use this for pseudo connection with UDP, allows us to use
        // QIODevice::write() instead of QUDPSocket::writeDatagram()

        socket_->connectToHost(HOST, PORT, QAbstractSocket::WriteOnly);

        qCDebug(pskreporter_js8) << "[PSK]server:" << HOST << ':' << PORT;

        if (!report_timer_.isActive()) {
            // Start the timer with a random interval between MIN_SEND_INTERVAL
            // and MIN_SEND_INTERVAL + JITTER_MAX We don't strictly need to do
            // this since we're not bound to the clock or sending based on
            // received events but it may in some small way be kinder to the
            // server.
            int interval = MIN_SEND_INTERVAL +
                           QRandomGenerator::global()->bounded(JITTER_MAX + 1);
            report_timer_.start(std::chrono::seconds(interval));
        }

        if (!descriptor_timer_.isActive()) {
            descriptor_timer_.start(std::chrono::hours(1));
        }
    }

    void stop() {
        if (socket_) {
            socket_->disconnectFromHost();
        }
        descriptor_timer_.stop();
        report_timer_.stop();
    }

    void build_preamble(QDataStream &message) {
        // Message Header
        message << quint16(10u) // Version Number
                << quint16(0u)  // Length (place-holder filled in later)
                << quint32(0u)  // Export Time (place-holder filled in later)
                << ++sequence_number_ // Sequence Number
                << observation_id_;   // Observation Domain ID

        // We send the record format descriptors every so often; if we're due to
        // send them again, then append them to the message. Note that while we
        // add these to the message in the order of sender, recipient, the order
        // is documented not to matter to PSKReporter.

        if (send_descriptors_) {
            --send_descriptors_;
            appendSIDTo(message);
            appendRIDTo(message);
            qCDebug(pskreporter_js8) << "[PSK]sent descriptors";
        }

        // As opposed to the record format descriptors, which can be omitted
        // once they have been transmitted a few times (to ensure that the
        // server has cached them), the receiver information record must be sent
        // every time.

        QByteArray record;
        QDataStream stream{&record, QIODevice::WriteOnly};

        // Set up the header; we'll fill in the length below, later.

        stream << quint16(0x50e2) // Template ID
               << quint16(0u);    // Length (place-holder)

        // Stream the data into the record as UTF-8 strings, each one up to 254
        // bytes in length.

        writeUtfString(stream, rx_call_);
        writeUtfString(stream, rx_grid_);
        writeUtfString(stream, prog_id_);
        writeUtfString(stream, rx_ant_);

        // Run back to the length field and update it, if necessary padding out
        // the record to 4-byte alignment with NUL bytes, and append it to the
        // message.

        set_length(stream, record);
        message.writeRawData(record, record.size());
    }

    void send_report(bool const send_residue = false) {
        if (QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState != socket_->state())
            return;

        QDataStream message{&payload_,
                            QIODevice::WriteOnly | QIODevice::Append};
        QDataStream tx_out{&tx_data_, QIODevice::WriteOnly | QIODevice::Append};

        if (!payload_.size()) {
            // Build header, optional descriptors, and receiver information
            build_preamble(message);
        }

        auto flush = flushing() || send_residue;
        while (spots_.size() || flush) {
            if (!payload_.size()) {
                // Build header, optional descriptors, and receiver information
                build_preamble(message);
            }

            if (!tx_data_.size() && (spots_.size() || tx_residue_.size())) {
                // Set Header
                tx_out << quint16(0x50e3) // Template ID
                       << quint16(0u);    // Length (place-holder)
            }

            // insert any residue
            if (tx_residue_.size()) {
                tx_out.writeRawData(tx_residue_, tx_residue_.size());
                tx_residue_.clear();
            }

            qCDebug(pskreporter_js8) << "[PSK]pending spots:" << spots_.size();
            while (spots_.size() || flush) {
                auto tx_data_size = tx_data_.size();
                if (spots_.size()) {
                    auto const &spot = spots_.dequeue();

                    // Sender information
                    writeUtfString(tx_out, spot.call_);
                    tx_out // BigEndian
                        << static_cast<quint8>(spot.freq_ >> 32)
                        << static_cast<quint8>(spot.freq_ >> 24)
                        << static_cast<quint8>(spot.freq_ >> 16)
                        << static_cast<quint8>(spot.freq_ >> 8)
                        << static_cast<quint8>(spot.freq_)
                        << static_cast<qint8>(spot.snr_);
                    writeUtfString(tx_out, spot.mode_);
                    writeUtfString(tx_out, spot.grid_);
                    tx_out << quint8(1u) // REPORTER_SOURCE_AUTOMATIC
                           << static_cast<quint32>(
                                  spot.time_.toSecsSinceEpoch());
                }

                auto len = payload_.size() + tx_data_.size();
                len += num_pad_bytes(tx_data_.size());
                len += num_pad_bytes(len);

                if (len > MAX_PAYLOAD_LENGTH // our upper datagram size limit
                    || (!spots_.size() &&
                        len > MIN_PAYLOAD_LENGTH) // spots drained and above
                                                  // lower datagram size limit
                    || (flush &&
                        !spots_.size())) // send what we have, possibly no spots
                {
                    if (tx_data_.size()) {
                        if (len <= MAX_PAYLOAD_LENGTH) {
                            tx_data_size = tx_data_.size();
                        }
                        QByteArray tx{tx_data_.left(tx_data_size)};
                        QDataStream out{&tx, QIODevice::WriteOnly |
                                                 QIODevice::Append};
                        // insert Length
                        set_length(out, tx);
                        message.writeRawData(tx, tx.size());
                    }

                    // insert Length and Export Time
                    set_length(message, payload_);
                    message.device()->seek(2 * sizeof(quint16));
                    message << static_cast<quint32>(
                        DriftingDateTime::currentSecsSinceEpoch());

                    // Send data to PSK Reporter site
                    socket_->write(payload_); // TODO: handle errors
                    qCDebug(pskreporter_js8) << "[PSK]sent spots";
                    flush = false; // break loop
                    message.device()->seek(0u);
                    payload_.clear(); // Fresh message
                    // Save unsent spots
                    tx_residue_ =
                        tx_data_.right(tx_data_.size() - tx_data_size);
                    tx_out.device()->seek(0u);
                    tx_data_.clear();
                    break;
                }
            }
            qCDebug(pskreporter_js8)
                << "[PSK]remaining spots:" << spots_.size();
        }
    }

    bool flushing() { return !(++flush_counter_ % FLUSH_INTERVAL); }

    // Check the eclipse dates and see if the provided date falls within a
    // +/- 6 hour window of an eclipse. Given how few items are going to be
    // in the list, there's unlikely to be any data structure that's going
    // to perform better than a vector.

    bool eclipse_active(QDateTime const &date) const {
        return std::any_of(
            eclipseDates_.begin(), eclipseDates_.end(), [=](auto const check) {
                // +- 6 hour window
                return qAbs(check.secsTo(date)) <= (3600 * 6); // 6 hour check
            });
    }
};

/******************************************************************************/
// Implementation
/******************************************************************************/

#include "PSKReporter.moc"

/**
 * @brief Construct a new PSKReporter::PSKReporter object
 *
 * @param config
 * @param program_info
 */
PSKReporter::PSKReporter(Configuration const *config,
                         QString const &program_info)
    : m_{this, config, program_info} {}

PSKReporter::~PSKReporter() = default;

/**
 * @brief Starts the PSKReporter.
 *
 */
void PSKReporter::start() {
    if (!m_->once_) {
        m_->once_ = true;
        m_->start();
    }
}

/**
 * @brief Reconnects to the PSKReporter server.
 *
 */
void PSKReporter::reconnect() { m_->reconnect(); }

/**
 * @brief Sets the local station information.
 *
 * @param call
 * @param grid
 * @param ant
 */
void PSKReporter::setLocalStation(QString const &call, QString const &grid,
                                  QString const &ant) {
    m_->check_connection();

    if (call != m_->rx_call_ || grid != m_->rx_grid_ || ant != m_->rx_ant_) {
        m_->rx_call_ = call;
        m_->rx_grid_ = grid;
        m_->rx_ant_ = ant;
    }
}

/**
 * @brief Adds a remote station spot to be reported.
 *
 * @param call
 * @param grid
 * @param freq
 * @param mode
 * @param snr
 * @param utcTimestamp
 */
void PSKReporter::addRemoteStation(QString const &call, QString const &grid,
                                   Radio::Frequency const freq,
                                   QString const &mode, int const snr,
                                   QDateTime const &utcTimestamp) {
    m_->check_connection();

    if (m_->socket_ && m_->socket_->isValid()) {
        if (QAbstractSocket::UnconnectedState == m_->socket_->state()) {
            reconnect();
        }

        // If this call+band combination is not already in the cache, or it's
        // there but expired, or an eclipse is active, (we allow all spots
        // through +/- 6 hours around an eclipse for the HamSCI group) then
        // we're going to send the spot; cache the fact that we've done so,
        // either by adding a new cache entry or updating an existing one with
        // an updated time value.

        // Get the frequency band name and concatenate it with the callsign to
        // create the cache key so we can spot cached calls if they switch bands
        auto const band = m_->config_->bands()->find(freq);
        auto const cache_key = call + "_" + band;

        const std::time_t now = std::time(nullptr);

        // Determine cache expiration time by subtracting CACHE_TIMEOUT from the
        // current time
        const std::time_t cache_expiration_time = now - CACHE_TIMEOUT;

        auto const it = m_->calls_.find(cache_key);

        bool notFound = (it == m_->calls_.end());
        bool expired = (!notFound && it.value() < cache_expiration_time);
        bool eclipse = m_->eclipse_active(utcTimestamp);

        if (notFound || expired || eclipse) {
            m_->spots_.enqueue({call, grid, snr, freq, mode, utcTimestamp});
            m_->calls_.insert(cache_key, now);
        } else // cache exists AND not expired AND no eclipse active
        {
            // Iterate through the queued spots from last to first, if we find
            // one with a matching call and band (we should), replace it with a
            // new spot with updated details and bump the cache time
            for (qsizetype i = m_->spots_.size(); i-- > 0;) {
                auto const &cachedSpot = m_->spots_[i];
                auto const cachedSpotBand =
                    m_->config_->bands()->find(cachedSpot.freq_);

                if (cachedSpot.call_ == call && cachedSpotBand == band) {
                    m_->spots_[i] = {call, grid, snr, freq, mode, utcTimestamp};
                    m_->calls_.insert(cache_key, now);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        // Perform cache cleanup; anything that's been around for more than
        // twice the cache timeout period can go.

        m_->calls_.removeIf([now](auto const it) {
            return now - it.value() > (CACHE_TIMEOUT * 2);
        });
    }
}

/**
 * @brief Sends the report to PSK Reporter.
 *
 * @param last
 */
void PSKReporter::sendReport(bool const last) {
    m_->check_connection();

    if (m_->socket_ &&
        QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState == m_->socket_->state()) {
        m_->send_report(true);
    }

    if (last) {
        m_->stop();
    }
}

/******************************************************************************/

Q_LOGGING_CATEGORY(pskreporter_js8, "pskreporter.js8", QtWarningMsg)