satdump/src-core/libs/predict/orbit.c
2026-05-25 21:37:32 +02:00

459 lines
16 KiB
C

#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include "defs.h"
#include "sdp4.h"
#include "sgp4.h"
#include "sun.h"
#include "unsorted.h"
bool is_eclipsed(const double pos[3], const double sol[3], double *depth);
bool predict_decayed(const predict_orbital_elements_t *orbital_elements, predict_julian_date_t time);
// length of buffer used for extracting subsets of TLE strings for parsing
#define SUBSTRING_BUFFER_LENGTH 50
predict_orbital_elements_t *predict_parse_tle(const char *tle_line_1, const char *tle_line_2)
{
double tempnum;
predict_orbital_elements_t *m = (predict_orbital_elements_t *)malloc(sizeof(predict_orbital_elements_t));
if (m == NULL)
return NULL;
char substring_buffer[SUBSTRING_BUFFER_LENGTH];
m->satellite_number = atol(SubString(tle_line_1, SUBSTRING_BUFFER_LENGTH, substring_buffer, 2, 6));
m->element_number = atol(SubString(tle_line_1, SUBSTRING_BUFFER_LENGTH, substring_buffer, 64, 67));
m->epoch_year = atoi(SubString(tle_line_1, SUBSTRING_BUFFER_LENGTH, substring_buffer, 18, 19));
strncpy(m->designator, SubString(tle_line_1, SUBSTRING_BUFFER_LENGTH, substring_buffer, 9, 16), 8);
m->epoch_day = atof(SubString(tle_line_1, SUBSTRING_BUFFER_LENGTH, substring_buffer, 20, 31));
m->inclination = atof(SubString(tle_line_2, SUBSTRING_BUFFER_LENGTH, substring_buffer, 8, 15));
m->right_ascension = atof(SubString(tle_line_2, SUBSTRING_BUFFER_LENGTH, substring_buffer, 17, 24));
m->eccentricity = 1.0e-07 * atof(SubString(tle_line_2, SUBSTRING_BUFFER_LENGTH, substring_buffer, 26, 32));
m->argument_of_perigee = atof(SubString(tle_line_2, SUBSTRING_BUFFER_LENGTH, substring_buffer, 34, 41));
m->mean_anomaly = atof(SubString(tle_line_2, SUBSTRING_BUFFER_LENGTH, substring_buffer, 43, 50));
m->mean_motion = atof(SubString(tle_line_2, SUBSTRING_BUFFER_LENGTH, substring_buffer, 52, 62));
m->derivative_mean_motion = atof(SubString(tle_line_1, SUBSTRING_BUFFER_LENGTH, substring_buffer, 33, 42));
tempnum = 1.0e-5 * atof(SubString(tle_line_1, SUBSTRING_BUFFER_LENGTH, substring_buffer, 44, 49));
m->second_derivative_mean_motion = tempnum / pow(10.0, (tle_line_1[51] - '0'));
tempnum = 1.0e-5 * atof(SubString(tle_line_1, SUBSTRING_BUFFER_LENGTH, substring_buffer, 53, 58));
m->bstar_drag_term = tempnum / pow(10.0, (tle_line_1[60] - '0'));
m->revolutions_at_epoch = atof(SubString(tle_line_2, SUBSTRING_BUFFER_LENGTH, substring_buffer, 63, 67));
/* Period > 225 minutes is deep space */
double ao, xnodp, dd1, dd2, delo, a1, del1, r1;
double temp = TWO_PI / MINUTES_PER_DAY / MINUTES_PER_DAY;
double xno = m->mean_motion * temp * MINUTES_PER_DAY; // from old TLE struct
dd1 = (XKE / xno);
dd2 = TWO_THIRD;
a1 = pow(dd1, dd2);
r1 = cos(m->inclination * M_PI / 180.0);
dd1 = (1.0 - m->eccentricity * m->eccentricity);
temp = CK2 * 1.5f * (r1 * r1 * 3.0 - 1.0) / pow(dd1, 1.5);
del1 = temp / (a1 * a1);
ao = a1 * (1.0 - del1 * (TWO_THIRD * .5 + del1 * (del1 * 1.654320987654321 + 1.0)));
delo = temp / (ao * ao);
xnodp = xno / (delo + 1.0);
/* Select a deep-space/near-earth ephemeris */
if (TWO_PI / xnodp / MINUTES_PER_DAY >= 0.15625)
{
m->ephemeris = EPHEMERIS_SDP4;
// Allocate memory for ephemeris data
m->ephemeris_data = malloc(sizeof(struct _sdp4));
if (m->ephemeris_data == NULL)
{
predict_destroy_orbital_elements(m);
return NULL;
}
// Initialize ephemeris data structure
sdp4_init(m, (struct _sdp4 *)m->ephemeris_data);
}
else
{
m->ephemeris = EPHEMERIS_SGP4;
// Allocate memory for ephemeris data
m->ephemeris_data = malloc(sizeof(struct _sgp4));
if (m->ephemeris_data == NULL)
{
predict_destroy_orbital_elements(m);
return NULL;
}
// Initialize ephemeris data structure
sgp4_init(m, (struct _sgp4 *)m->ephemeris_data);
}
return m;
}
char **str_split(char *a_str, const char a_delim)
{
char **result = 0;
size_t count = 0;
char *tmp = a_str;
char *last_comma = 0;
char delim[2];
delim[0] = a_delim;
delim[1] = 0;
/* Count how many elements will be extracted. */
while (*tmp)
{
if (a_delim == *tmp)
{
count++;
last_comma = tmp;
}
tmp++;
}
/* Add space for trailing token. */
count += last_comma < (a_str + strlen(a_str) - 1);
/* Add space for terminating null string so caller
knows where the list of returned strings ends. */
count++;
result = (char **)malloc(sizeof(char *) * count);
if (result)
{
size_t idx = 0;
char *token = strtok(a_str, delim);
while (token)
{
// assert(idx < count);
*(result + idx++) = strdup(token);
token = strtok(0, delim);
}
// assert(idx == count - 1);
*(result + idx) = 0;
}
return result;
}
predict_orbital_elements_t *predict_parse_omm(const char *omm_str)
{
predict_orbital_elements_t *m = (predict_orbital_elements_t *)malloc(sizeof(predict_orbital_elements_t));
if (m == NULL)
return NULL;
char **tokens = str_split((char *)omm_str, ',');
if (tokens)
{
int ntokens;
for (ntokens = 0; *(tokens + ntokens); ntokens++)
;
if (ntokens >= 17)
{
struct tm timeS;
double seconds;
memset(&timeS, 0, sizeof(struct tm));
if (sscanf(tokens[2], "%4d-%2d-%2dT%2d:%2d:%lf", &timeS.tm_year, &timeS.tm_mon, &timeS.tm_mday,
&timeS.tm_hour, &timeS.tm_min, &seconds) == 6)
{
timeS.tm_year -= 1900;
timeS.tm_mon -= 1;
double timestamp_full = timegm(&timeS) + seconds;
struct tm timeS2;
memset(&timeS2, 0, sizeof(struct tm));
timeS2.tm_year = timeS.tm_year;
double timestamp_year = timegm(&timeS2);
m->epoch_year = timeS.tm_year - 100;
m->epoch_day = ((timestamp_full - timestamp_year) / (3600. * 24.));
}
m->mean_motion = atof(tokens[3]);
m->eccentricity = atof(tokens[4]);
m->inclination = atof(tokens[5]);
m->right_ascension = atof(tokens[6]);
m->argument_of_perigee = atof(tokens[7]);
m->mean_anomaly = atof(tokens[8]);
m->satellite_number = atof(tokens[11]);
m->element_number = atof(tokens[12]);
m->revolutions_at_epoch = atof(tokens[13]);
m->bstar_drag_term = atof(tokens[14]);
m->derivative_mean_motion = atof(tokens[15]);
m->second_derivative_mean_motion = atof(tokens[16]);
memcpy(m->designator, "UNKNOW", 6);
}
for (int i = 0; i < ntokens; i++)
free(tokens[i]);
free(tokens);
free(m);
}
/* Period > 225 minutes is deep space */
double ao, xnodp, dd1, dd2, delo, a1, del1, r1;
double temp = TWO_PI / MINUTES_PER_DAY / MINUTES_PER_DAY;
double xno = m->mean_motion * temp * MINUTES_PER_DAY; // from old TLE struct
dd1 = (XKE / xno);
dd2 = TWO_THIRD;
a1 = pow(dd1, dd2);
r1 = cos(m->inclination * M_PI / 180.0);
dd1 = (1.0 - m->eccentricity * m->eccentricity);
temp = CK2 * 1.5f * (r1 * r1 * 3.0 - 1.0) / pow(dd1, 1.5);
del1 = temp / (a1 * a1);
ao = a1 * (1.0 - del1 * (TWO_THIRD * .5 + del1 * (del1 * 1.654320987654321 + 1.0)));
delo = temp / (ao * ao);
xnodp = xno / (delo + 1.0);
/* Select a deep-space/near-earth ephemeris */
if (TWO_PI / xnodp / MINUTES_PER_DAY >= 0.15625)
{
m->ephemeris = EPHEMERIS_SDP4;
// Allocate memory for ephemeris data
m->ephemeris_data = malloc(sizeof(struct _sdp4));
if (m->ephemeris_data == NULL)
{
predict_destroy_orbital_elements(m);
return NULL;
}
// Initialize ephemeris data structure
sdp4_init(m, (struct _sdp4 *)m->ephemeris_data);
}
else
{
m->ephemeris = EPHEMERIS_SGP4;
// Allocate memory for ephemeris data
m->ephemeris_data = malloc(sizeof(struct _sgp4));
if (m->ephemeris_data == NULL)
{
predict_destroy_orbital_elements(m);
return NULL;
}
// Initialize ephemeris data structure
sgp4_init(m, (struct _sgp4 *)m->ephemeris_data);
}
return m;
}
void predict_destroy_orbital_elements(predict_orbital_elements_t *m)
{
if (m == NULL)
return;
if (m->ephemeris_data != NULL)
{
free(m->ephemeris_data);
}
free(m);
}
bool predict_is_geosynchronous(const predict_orbital_elements_t *m)
{
return (m->mean_motion >= GEOSYNCHRONOUS_LOWER_MEAN_MOTION) &&
(m->mean_motion <= GEOSYNCHRONOUS_UPPER_MEAN_MOTION) &&
(fabs(m->eccentricity) <= GEOSYNCHRONOUS_ECCENTRICITY_THRESHOLD) &&
(fabs(m->inclination) <= GEOSYNCHRONOUS_INCLINATION_THRESHOLD_DEGREES);
}
double predict_apogee(const predict_orbital_elements_t *m)
{
double sma = 331.25 * exp(log(1440.0 / m->mean_motion) * (2.0 / 3.0));
return sma * (1.0 + m->eccentricity) - EARTH_RADIUS_KM_WGS84;
}
double predict_perigee(const predict_orbital_elements_t *m)
{
double xno = m->mean_motion * TWO_PI / MINUTES_PER_DAY;
double a1 = pow(XKE / xno, TWO_THIRD);
double cosio = cos(m->inclination * M_PI / 180.0);
double theta2 = cosio * cosio;
double x3thm1 = 3 * theta2 - 1.0;
double eosq = m->eccentricity * m->eccentricity;
double betao2 = 1.0 - eosq;
double betao = sqrt(betao2);
double del1 = 1.5 * CK2 * x3thm1 / (a1 * a1 * betao * betao2);
double ao = a1 * (1.0 - del1 * (0.5 * TWO_THIRD + del1 * (1.0 + 134.0 / 81.0 * del1)));
double delo = 1.5 * CK2 * x3thm1 / (ao * ao * betao * betao2);
double aodp = ao / (1.0 - delo);
return (aodp * (1 - m->eccentricity) - AE) * EARTH_RADIUS_KM_WGS84;
}
bool predict_aos_happens(const predict_orbital_elements_t *m, double latitude)
{
/* This function returns true if the satellite pointed to by
"x" can ever rise above the horizon of the ground station. */
double lin, apogee;
if (m->mean_motion == 0.0)
return false;
else
{
lin = m->inclination;
if (lin >= 90.0)
lin = 180.0 - lin;
apogee = predict_apogee(m);
if ((acos(EARTH_RADIUS_KM_WGS84 / (apogee + EARTH_RADIUS_KM_WGS84)) + (lin * M_PI / 180.0)) > fabs(latitude))
return true;
else
return false;
}
}
/* This is the stuff we need to do repetitively while tracking. */
/* This is the old Calc() function. */
int predict_orbit(const predict_orbital_elements_t *orbital_elements, struct predict_position *m, double utc)
{
/* Set time to now if now time is provided: */
if (utc == 0)
utc = predict_to_julian(time(NULL));
/* Satellite position and velocity vectors */
vec3_set(m->position, 0, 0, 0);
vec3_set(m->velocity, 0, 0, 0);
m->time = utc;
double julTime = utc + JULIAN_TIME_DIFF;
/* Convert satellite's epoch time to Julian */
/* and calculate time since epoch in minutes */
double epoch = 1000.0 * orbital_elements->epoch_year + orbital_elements->epoch_day;
double jul_epoch = Julian_Date_of_Epoch(epoch);
double tsince = (julTime - jul_epoch) * MINUTES_PER_DAY;
/* Call NORAD routines according to deep-space flag. */
struct model_output output;
switch (orbital_elements->ephemeris)
{
case EPHEMERIS_SDP4:
sdp4_predict((struct _sdp4 *)orbital_elements->ephemeris_data, tsince, &output);
break;
case EPHEMERIS_SGP4:
sgp4_predict((struct _sgp4 *)orbital_elements->ephemeris_data, tsince, &output);
break;
default:
// Panic!
return -1;
}
m->position[0] = output.pos[0];
m->position[1] = output.pos[1];
m->position[2] = output.pos[2];
m->velocity[0] = output.vel[0];
m->velocity[1] = output.vel[1];
m->velocity[2] = output.vel[2];
m->phase = output.phase;
m->argument_of_perigee = output.omgadf;
m->inclination = output.xinck;
m->right_ascension = output.xnodek;
/* TODO: Remove? Scale position and velocity vectors to km and km/sec */
Convert_Sat_State(m->position, m->velocity);
/* Calculate satellite Lat North, Lon East and Alt. */
geodetic_t sat_geodetic;
Calculate_LatLonAlt(utc, m->position, &sat_geodetic);
m->latitude = sat_geodetic.lat;
m->longitude = sat_geodetic.lon;
m->altitude = sat_geodetic.alt;
// Calculate solar position
double solar_vector[3];
sun_predict(m->time, solar_vector);
// Find eclipse depth and if sat is eclipsed
m->eclipsed = is_eclipsed(m->position, solar_vector, &m->eclipse_depth);
// Calculate footprint
m->footprint = 2.0 * EARTH_RADIUS_KM_WGS84 * acos(EARTH_RADIUS_KM_WGS84 / (EARTH_RADIUS_KM_WGS84 + m->altitude));
// Calculate current number of revolutions around Earth
double temp = TWO_PI / MINUTES_PER_DAY / MINUTES_PER_DAY;
double age = julTime - jul_epoch;
double xno = orbital_elements->mean_motion * temp * MINUTES_PER_DAY;
double xmo = orbital_elements->mean_anomaly * M_PI / 180.0;
m->revolutions =
(long)floor((xno * MINUTES_PER_DAY / (M_PI * 2.0) + age * orbital_elements->bstar_drag_term) * age +
xmo / (2.0 * M_PI)) +
orbital_elements->revolutions_at_epoch;
// calculate whether orbit is decayed
m->decayed = predict_decayed(orbital_elements, utc);
return 0;
}
bool predict_decayed(const predict_orbital_elements_t *orbital_elements, predict_julian_date_t time)
{
double satepoch;
satepoch = DayNum(1, 0, orbital_elements->epoch_year) + orbital_elements->epoch_day;
bool has_decayed = false;
if (satepoch +
((16.666666 - orbital_elements->mean_motion) / (10.0 * fabs(orbital_elements->derivative_mean_motion))) <
time)
{
has_decayed = true;
}
return has_decayed;
}
/* Calculates if a position is eclipsed. */
bool is_eclipsed(const double pos[3], const double sol[3], double *depth)
{
double Rho[3], earth[3];
/* Determine partial eclipse */
double sd_earth = asin_(EARTH_RADIUS_KM_WGS84 / vec3_length(pos));
vec3_sub(sol, pos, Rho);
double sd_sun = asin_(SOLAR_RADIUS_KM / vec3_length(Rho));
vec3_mul_scalar(pos, -1, earth);
double delta = acos_(vec3_dot(sol, earth) / vec3_length(sol) / vec3_length(earth));
*depth = sd_earth - sd_sun - delta;
if (sd_earth < sd_sun)
return false;
else if (*depth >= 0)
return true;
else
return false;
}
double predict_squint_angle(const predict_observer_t *observer, const struct predict_position *orbit, double alon,
double alat)
{
double bx = cos(alat) * cos(alon + orbit->argument_of_perigee);
double by = cos(alat) * sin(alon + orbit->argument_of_perigee);
double bz = sin(alat);
double cx = bx;
double cy = by * cos(orbit->inclination) - bz * sin(orbit->inclination);
double cz = by * sin(orbit->inclination) + bz * cos(orbit->inclination);
double ax = cx * cos(orbit->right_ascension) - cy * sin(orbit->right_ascension);
double ay = cx * sin(orbit->right_ascension) + cy * cos(orbit->right_ascension);
double az = cz;
struct predict_observation obs;
predict_observe_orbit(observer, orbit, &obs);
double squint = acos(-(ax * obs.range_x + ay * obs.range_y + az * obs.range_z) / obs.range);
return squint;
}