dep-ygopro-core/interpreter.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2010-2015, Argon Sun (Fluorohydride)
 * Copyright (c) 2016-2026, Edoardo Lolletti (edo9300) <edoardo762@gmail.com>
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 */
#include <cstring> //std::memcpy
#include <utility> //std::exchange
#include <vector>
#include "duel.h"
#include "card.h"
#include "effect.h"
#include "field.h"
#include "interpreter.h"
#include "lua_obj.h"
#include "group.h"
#include "scriptlib.h"

using namespace scriptlib;

// This function will be used by a lua library built with api check
#ifdef __GNUC__
[[gnu::used]]
#endif
void ocgcore_lua_api_check(void* state, const char* error_message) {
	auto L = static_cast<lua_State*>(state);
	auto pduel = lua_get<duel*>(L);
	pduel->handle_message(error_message, OCG_LOG_TYPE_ERROR);
}

// Explicitly check for stack unwinding to be performed when lua errors are raised.
// This required as otherwise when errors are raised, c++ classes will not be
// properly cleaned and memory corruption issues will arise.
// For this we need lua to be built as c++ so that internally it'll use try/catch instead
// of setjmp/longjmp.
// A particular case is MSVC crt which in some versions also performs stack unwinding via the use
// of structured exceptions, this check function will also account for that, and in that
// case the core will still be accepted.
static bool check_lua_stack_unwinding(lua_State* L) {
	uint32_t flag = 0xDEADBEEF;
	std::memcpy(lua_getextraspace(L), &flag, sizeof(flag));
	lua_pushcfunction(L, [](lua_State* L)->int {
		struct Guard {
			lua_State* state;
			~Guard() {
				uint32_t new_flag = 0xFFFFFFFF;
				std::memcpy(lua_getextraspace(state), &new_flag, sizeof(new_flag));
			}
		} _{ L };
		luaL_error(L, "");
		return 0;
	});
	if(lua_pcall(L, 0, 0, 0) != LUA_OK) {
		lua_pop(L, 1);
	}
	std::memcpy(&flag, lua_getextraspace(L), sizeof(flag));
	return flag == 0xFFFFFFFF;
}

interpreter::interpreter(duel* pd, const OCG_DuelOptions& options, bool& valid_lua_lib): coroutines(256), deleted(pd) {
	lua_state = luaL_newstate();
	if(!check_lua_stack_unwinding(lua_state)) {
		valid_lua_lib = false;
		pd->handle_message("The lua library linked with this ocgcore does not support c++'s stack unwinding", OCG_LOG_TYPE_ERROR);
		return;
	}
	current_state = lua_state;
	pduel = pd;
	no_action = 0;
	call_depth = 0;
	std::memcpy(lua_getextraspace(lua_state), &pd, sizeof(duel*));
	// Open basic and used functionality
	auto open_lib = [L=lua_state](const char* libname, lua_CFunction openf) {
		ensure_luaL_stack(luaL_requiref, L, libname, openf, 1);
		lua_pop(L, 1);
	};
	open_lib("_G", luaopen_base);
	open_lib(LUA_STRLIBNAME, luaopen_string);
	open_lib(LUA_TABLIBNAME, luaopen_table);
	open_lib(LUA_MATHLIBNAME, luaopen_math);
	if(options.enableUnsafeLibraries != 0)
		open_lib(LUA_IOLIBNAME, luaopen_io);

	auto nil_out = [&](const char* name) {
		lua_pushnil(lua_state);
		lua_setglobal(lua_state, name);
	};

	// Remove "dangerous" functions
	nil_out("collectgarbage");
	if(options.enableUnsafeLibraries == 0) {
		nil_out("dofile");
		nil_out("loadfile");
	}
	{
		/*
			Creates a table and sets a metatable to it making a table with weak keys, which
			will then be used in place of the LUA_REGISTRYINDEX table to keep track of groups
			when they are not owned by the core
		*/
		luaL_checkstack(lua_state, 4, nullptr);
		lua_newtable(lua_state);
		lua_newtable(lua_state);
		lua_pushliteral(lua_state, "__mode");
		lua_pushliteral(lua_state, "v");
		lua_rawset(lua_state, -3); // metatable._mode='v'
		lua_setmetatable(lua_state, -2);
		weak_lua_references = ensure_luaL_stack(luaL_ref, lua_state, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
	}
	{
		lua_newtable(lua_state);
		loaded_scripts_table = ensure_luaL_stack(luaL_ref, lua_state, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
	}
	// Open all card scripting libs
	scriptlib::push_card_lib(lua_state);
	scriptlib::push_effect_lib(lua_state);
	scriptlib::push_group_lib(lua_state);
	scriptlib::push_duel_lib(lua_state);
	scriptlib::push_debug_lib(lua_state);
}
interpreter::~interpreter() {
	lua_close(lua_state);
}
//creates a pointer to a lua_obj in the lua stack
static inline lua_obj** create_object(lua_State* L) {
#if LUA_VERSION_NUM <= 503
	return static_cast<lua_obj**>(lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(lua_obj*)));
#else
	// in lua 5.4 and later, userdata can have an arbitrary number of
	// user values, including 0, which make the userdata use less memory
	return static_cast<lua_obj**>(lua_newuserdatauv(L, sizeof(lua_obj*), 0));
#endif
}
void interpreter::register_card(card* pcard) {
	//create a card in by userdata
	luaL_checkstack(lua_state, 1, nullptr);
	luaL_checkstack(current_state, 1, nullptr);
	lua_obj** ppcard = create_object(lua_state);
	*ppcard = pcard;
	pcard->ref_handle = ensure_luaL_stack(luaL_ref, lua_state, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
	//creates the pointer in the main state, then after taking a reference
	//pushes it in the stack of the current_state, as load_card_script push the metatable there
	lua_rawgeti(current_state, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, pcard->ref_handle);
	//load script
	if(pcard->data.alias && (pcard->data.alias < pcard->data.code + 10) && (pcard->data.code < pcard->data.alias + 10))
		load_card_script(pcard->data.alias);
	else
		load_card_script(pcard->data.code);
	//set metatable of pointer to base script
	lua_setmetatable(current_state, -2);
	lua_pop(current_state, 1);
	//Initial
	if(pcard->data.code) {
		const bool forced = !(pcard->data.type & TYPE_NORMAL) || (pcard->data.type & TYPE_PENDULUM);
		pcard->set_status(STATUS_INITIALIZING, TRUE);
		add_param<LuaParam::CARD>(pcard);
		call_card_function(pcard, "initial_effect", 1, 0, forced);
		pcard->set_status(STATUS_INITIALIZING, FALSE);
	}
	pcard->cardid = pduel->game_field->infos.card_id++;
}
static inline void remove_object(lua_State* L, lua_obj* obj, lua_obj* replacement) {
	if(!obj || !obj->ref_handle)
		return;
	lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, obj->ref_handle);
	lua_obj** lobj = static_cast<lua_obj**>(lua_touserdata(L, -1));
	if(lobj)
		*lobj = replacement;
	lua_pop(L, 1);
	ensure_luaL_stack(luaL_unref, L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, obj->ref_handle);
	obj->ref_handle = 0;
}
void interpreter::register_effect(effect* peffect) {
	register_obj(peffect, "Effect", false);
}
void interpreter::unregister_effect(effect* peffect) {
	if (!peffect)
		return;
	if(peffect->condition)
		ensure_luaL_stack(luaL_unref, lua_state, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, peffect->condition);
	if(peffect->cost)
		ensure_luaL_stack(luaL_unref, lua_state, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, peffect->cost);
	if(peffect->target)
		ensure_luaL_stack(luaL_unref, lua_state, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, peffect->target);
	if(peffect->operation)
		ensure_luaL_stack(luaL_unref, lua_state, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, peffect->operation);
	if(peffect->value && peffect->is_flag(EFFECT_FLAG_FUNC_VALUE))
		ensure_luaL_stack(luaL_unref, lua_state, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, peffect->value);
	if(peffect->label_object)
		ensure_luaL_stack(luaL_unref, lua_state, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, peffect->label_object);
	remove_object(lua_state, peffect, &deleted);
}
void interpreter::register_group(group* pgroup) {
	register_obj(pgroup, "Group", true);
}
void interpreter::register_obj(lua_obj* obj, const char* tablename, bool weak) {
	if(!obj)
		return;
	if(weak) {
		luaL_checkstack(lua_state, 1, nullptr);
		lua_rawgeti(lua_state, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, weak_lua_references);
	}
	luaL_checkstack(lua_state, 3, nullptr);
	lua_obj** pobj = create_object(lua_state);
	*pobj = obj;
	//set metatable current lua object
	lua_getglobal(lua_state, tablename);
	lua_setmetatable(lua_state, -2);
	//pops the lua object from the stack and takes a reference of it
	if(weak) {
		obj->weak_ref_handle = ensure_luaL_stack(luaL_ref, lua_state, -2);
		lua_pop(lua_state, 1);
	} else {
		obj->ref_handle = ensure_luaL_stack(luaL_ref, lua_state, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
	}
}
void interpreter::collect(bool full) {
	lua_gc(current_state, full ? LUA_GCCOLLECT : LUA_GCSTEP, 0);
}
bool interpreter::load_script(const char* buffer, int len, const char* script_name) {
	if(!buffer)
		return false;
	++no_action;
	if(ensure_luaL_stack(luaL_loadbuffer, current_state, buffer, len, script_name) != LUA_OK
	   || lua_pcall(current_state, 0, 0, 0) != LUA_OK) {
		pduel->handle_message(lua_get_string_or_empty(current_state, -1), OCG_LOG_TYPE_ERROR);
		lua_pop(current_state, 1);
		--no_action;
		return false;
	}
	--no_action;
	return true;
}
//Load a card script (if not already loaded) and push the corresponding cXXXXXX table on the stack, +1 -0
bool interpreter::load_card_script(uint32_t code) {
	char code_buf[32];
	const char* class_name = format_to(code_buf, "c%u", code);
	luaL_checkstack(current_state, 1, nullptr);
	//puts cXXXXX on the stack
	lua_getglobal(current_state, class_name);		//+1
	if(!lua_isnil(current_state, -1))
		return true;
	//if script is not loaded, create and load it
	lua_pop(current_state, 1);						//-1
	luaL_checkstack(current_state, 5, nullptr);
	{
		//self_code=code
		lua_pushinteger(current_state, code);		//+1
		lua_setglobal(current_state, "self_code");	//-1
	}
	//create a table & set metatable
	{
		lua_createtable(current_state, 0, 0);						//+1
		{
			lua_pushstring(current_state, "__tostring");				//+1
			{
				//pushes Debug.CardStringWrapper to the stack
				lua_getglobal(current_state, "Debug");					//+1
				lua_pushstring(current_state, "CardToStringWrapper");	//+1
				lua_rawget(current_state, -2);							//-1, +1
				lua_remove(current_state, -2);							//-1
			}
			//cXXXXX.__tostring=Debug.CardToStringWrapper
			lua_rawset(current_state, -3);								//-2
		}
		//cXXXXX={}
		lua_setglobal(current_state, class_name);					//-1
	}
	//push cXXXXX on the stack another time
	lua_getglobal(current_state, class_name);	//+1
	{
		//setmetatable(cXXXXX, Card)
		lua_getglobal(current_state, "Card");	//+1
		lua_setmetatable(current_state, -2);	//-1
	}
	{
		//rawset(cXXXXX,"__index",cXXXXX)
		lua_pushstring(current_state, "__index");	//+1
		lua_pushvalue(current_state, -2);			//+1
		lua_rawset(current_state, -3);				//-2
	}
	{
		//self_table=cXXXX
		lua_getglobal(current_state, class_name);	//+1
		lua_setglobal(current_state, "self_table");	//-1
	}
	const auto res = pduel->read_script(format_to(code_buf, "c%u.lua", code));
	{
		//self_table=nil
		lua_pushnil(current_state);					//+1
		lua_setglobal(current_state, "self_table");	//-1
	}
	{
		//self_code=nil
		lua_pushnil(current_state);					//+1
		lua_setglobal(current_state, "self_code");	//-1
	}
	return res;
}
void interpreter::push_param(lua_State* L, bool is_coroutine) {
	int32_t pushed = 0;
	luaL_checkstack(L, static_cast<uint32_t>(params.size()), nullptr);
	for(const auto& [param, type] : params) {
		switch(type) {
		case LuaParam::INT:
			lua_pushinteger(L, param.integer);
			break;
		case LuaParam::STRING:
			lua_pushstring(L, static_cast<const char*>(param.ptr));
			break;
		case LuaParam::BOOLEAN:
			lua_pushboolean(L, static_cast<bool>(param.integer));
			break;
		case LuaParam::CARD:
		case LuaParam::EFFECT:
		case LuaParam::GROUP:
			pushobject(L, static_cast<lua_obj*>(param.ptr));
			break;
		case LuaParam::FUNCTION:
			pushobject(L, static_cast<int32_t>(param.integer));
			break;
		case LuaParam::INDEX: {
			auto index = static_cast<int32_t>(param.integer);
			if(index > 0)
				lua_pushvalue(L, index);
			else if(is_coroutine) {
				//copy value from current_state to new stack
				lua_pushvalue(current_state, index);
				lua_xmove(current_state, L, 1);
			} else {
				//the calling function is pushed before the params, so the actual index is: index - pushed -1
				lua_pushvalue(L, index - pushed - 1);
			}
			break;
		}
		case LuaParam::DELETED:
			unreachable();
		}
		++pushed;
	}
	params.clear();
}
inline int interpreter::call_lua(lua_State* L, int nargs, int nresults) {
	++no_action;
	++call_depth;
	/*
		Push the error handler function, when called, it will have a single
		argument passed to it, consisting of the error object, since we do
		nothing with it, return it directly.
		It's actually faster and simpler to push the light C function each
		time than to store it in the global registry and retrieve it every call.
	*/
	luaL_checkstack(L, 1, nullptr);
	lua_pushcfunction(L, [](lua_State* L) -> int32_t {
		interpreter::print_stacktrace(L);
		return 1;
	});
	/*
		The stack contains nargs on top, and the function below them.
		We put the error handler below the function object, save its new
		absolute index, and pass it to lua.
	*/
	lua_insert(L, -(nargs + 2));
	auto error_handler_index = lua_absindex(L, -(nargs + 2));
	auto ret = lua_pcall(L, nargs, nresults, error_handler_index);
	// We need to remove the error handler from the stack to clean things up.
	lua_remove(L, error_handler_index);
	--no_action;
	--call_depth;
	if(call_depth == 0) {
		pduel->restore_assumes();
	}
	return ret;
}
inline bool interpreter::ret_fail(const char* message) {
	interpreter::print_stacktrace(current_state);
	pduel->handle_message(message, OCG_LOG_TYPE_ERROR);
	params.clear();
	return false;
}
inline bool interpreter::ret_fail(const char* message, bool error) {
	if(error) {
		interpreter::print_stacktrace(current_state);
		pduel->handle_message(message, OCG_LOG_TYPE_ERROR);
	}
	params.clear();
	return false;
}
bool interpreter::call_function(int param_count, int ret_count) {
	push_param(current_state);
	auto ret = true;
	if(call_lua(current_state, param_count, ret_count) != LUA_OK) {
		pduel->handle_message(lua_get_string_or_empty(current_state, -1), OCG_LOG_TYPE_ERROR);
		lua_pop(current_state, 1);
		ret = false;
	}
	return ret;
}
bool interpreter::call_function(int32_t function, uint32_t param_count, int32_t ret_count) {
	if (!function)
		return ret_fail(R"("CallFunction": attempt to call a null function.)");
	if (param_count != params.size())
		return ret_fail(format(R"("CallFunction": incorrect parameter count (%u expected, %zu pushed))", param_count, params.size()));
	luaL_checkstack(current_state, 1, nullptr);
	pushobject(current_state, function);
	if (!lua_isfunction(current_state, -1))
		return ret_fail(R"("CallFunction": attempt to call an error function)");
	return call_function(param_count, ret_count);
}
bool interpreter::call_card_function(card* pcard, const char* function_name, uint32_t param_count, int32_t ret_count, bool forced) {
	if (param_count != params.size())
		return ret_fail(format(R"("CallCardFunction"(c%u.%s): incorrect parameter count)", pcard->data.code, function_name));
	luaL_checkstack(current_state, 1, nullptr);
	pushobject(current_state, pcard);
	lua_getfield(current_state, -1, function_name);
	if (!lua_isfunction(current_state, -1)) {
		lua_pop(current_state, 2);
		return ret_fail(format(R"("CallCardFunction"(c%u.%s): attempt to call an error function)", pcard->data.code, function_name), forced);
	}
	lua_remove(current_state, -2);
	return call_function(param_count, ret_count);
}
bool interpreter::call_code_function(uint32_t code, const char* function_name, uint32_t param_count, int32_t ret_count) {
	if (param_count != params.size())
		return ret_fail(R"("CallCodeFunction": incorrect parameter count)");
	load_card_script(code);
	lua_getfield(current_state, -1, function_name);
	if (!lua_isfunction(current_state, -1)) {
		lua_pop(current_state, 2);
		return ret_fail(R"("CallCodeFunction": attempt to call an error function)");
	}
	lua_remove(current_state, -2);
	return call_function(param_count, ret_count);
}
bool interpreter::check_condition(int32_t function, uint32_t param_count) {
	if(!function) {
		params.clear();
		return true;
	}
	if(!call_function(function, param_count, 1))
		return false;
	bool result = lua_toboolean(current_state, -1);
	lua_pop(current_state, 1);
	return result;
}
static inline void push_range_of_values(lua_State* L, int32_t idx, int32_t amount) {
	idx = lua_absindex(L, idx);
	for(int i = 0; i < amount; ++i)
		lua_pushvalue(L, idx + i);
}
bool interpreter::check_matching(card* pcard, int32_t findex, int32_t extraargs) {
	luaL_checkstack(current_state, extraargs + 2, nullptr);
	lua_pushvalue(current_state, findex);
	pushobject(current_state, pcard);
	push_range_of_values(current_state, -(extraargs + 2), extraargs);
	auto result = false;
	if(call_lua(current_state, 1 + extraargs, 1) != LUA_OK) {
		pduel->handle_message(lua_get_string_or_empty(current_state, -1), OCG_LOG_TYPE_ERROR);
	} else
		result = lua_toboolean(current_state, -1);
	lua_pop(current_state, 1);
	return result;
}
bool interpreter::check_matching_table(card* pcard, int32_t findex, int32_t table_index) {
	if(!findex || !lua_istable(current_state, table_index))
		return true;
	luaL_checkstack(current_state, 2, nullptr);
	lua_pushvalue(current_state, findex);
	pushobject(current_state, pcard);
	int extraargs = pushExpandedTable(current_state, table_index);
	auto result = false;
	if(call_lua(current_state, 1 + extraargs, 1) != LUA_OK) {
		pduel->handle_message(lua_get_string_or_empty(current_state, -1), OCG_LOG_TYPE_ERROR);
	} else
		result = lua_toboolean(current_state, -1);
	lua_pop(current_state, 1);
	return result;
}
lua_Integer interpreter::get_operation_value(card* pcard, int32_t findex, int32_t extraargs) {
	if(!findex || lua_isnoneornil(current_state, findex))
		return 0;
	luaL_checkstack(current_state, extraargs + 2, nullptr);
	lua_pushvalue(current_state, findex);
	pushobject(current_state, pcard);
	push_range_of_values(current_state, -(extraargs + 2), extraargs);
	lua_Integer result = 0;
	if(call_lua(current_state, 1 + extraargs, 1) != LUA_OK) {
		pduel->handle_message(lua_get_string_or_empty(current_state, -1), OCG_LOG_TYPE_ERROR);
	} else
		result = lua_get<lua_Integer>(current_state, -1);
	lua_pop(current_state, 1);
	return result;
}
bool interpreter::get_operation_value(card* pcard, int32_t findex, int32_t extraargs, std::vector<lua_Integer>& result) {
	if(!findex || lua_isnoneornil(current_state, findex))
		return false;
	luaL_checkstack(current_state, extraargs + 2, nullptr);
	lua_pushvalue(current_state, findex);
	int32_t stack_top = lua_gettop(current_state);
	pushobject(current_state, pcard);
	push_range_of_values(current_state, -(extraargs + 2), extraargs);
	auto ret = call_lua(current_state, extraargs, LUA_MULTRET) == LUA_OK;
	if(!ret) {
		pduel->handle_message(lua_get_string_or_empty(current_state, -1), OCG_LOG_TYPE_ERROR);
		lua_pop(current_state, 1);
	} else {
		int32_t stack_newtop = lua_gettop(current_state);
		for(int32_t index = stack_top + 1; index <= stack_newtop; ++index) {
			lua_Integer return_value = 0;
			if(lua_isboolean(current_state, index))
				return_value = lua_get<bool>(current_state, index);
			else
				return_value = lua_get<lua_Integer, 0>(current_state, index);
			result.push_back(return_value);
		}
		lua_settop(current_state, stack_top);
		ret = true;
	}
	return ret;
}
lua_Integer interpreter::get_function_value(int32_t function, uint32_t param_count) {
	if(!function) {
		params.clear();
		return 0;
	}
	if(!call_function(function, param_count, 1))
		return 0;
	lua_Integer result = 0;
	if(lua_isboolean(current_state, -1))
		result = lua_get<bool>(current_state, -1);
	else
		result = lua_get<lua_Integer, 0>(current_state, -1);
	lua_pop(current_state, 1);
	return result;
}
bool interpreter::get_function_value(int32_t function, uint32_t param_count, std::vector<lua_Integer>& result) {
	if(!function) {
		params.clear();
		return false;
	}
	const int32_t stack_top = lua_gettop(current_state);
	if(!call_function(function, param_count, LUA_MULTRET))
		return false;
	const int32_t stack_newtop = lua_gettop(current_state);
	for(int32_t index = stack_top + 1; index <= stack_newtop; ++index) {
		lua_Integer return_value = 0;
		if(lua_isboolean(current_state, index))
			return_value = lua_get<bool>(current_state, index);
		else
			return_value = lua_get<lua_Integer, 0>(current_state, index);
		result.push_back(return_value);
	}
	//pops all the results from the stack (lua_pop(current_state, stack_newtop - stack_top))
	lua_settop(current_state, stack_top);
	return true;
}
namespace {
#if LUA_VERSION_NUM <= 503
int lua_resume(lua_State* L, lua_State* from, int nargs, int* nresults) {
	auto ret = lua_resume(L, from, nargs);
	*nresults = lua_gettop(L);
	return ret;
}
#endif
auto resume_coroutine(lua_State* L, lua_State* from, int nargs) {
	int result, nresults;
	result = lua_resume(L, from, nargs, &nresults);
	return std::make_pair(result, nresults);
}
}
int32_t interpreter::call_coroutine(int32_t function, uint32_t param_count, lua_Integer* yield_value, uint16_t step) {
	auto ret_error = [&](const char* message) {
		interpreter::print_stacktrace(current_state);
		pduel->handle_message(message, OCG_LOG_TYPE_ERROR);
		params.clear();
		return COROUTINE_ERROR;
	};
	if(yield_value)
		*yield_value = 0;
	if (!function)
		return ret_error(R"("CallCoroutine": attempt to call a null function)");
	if (param_count != params.size())
		return ret_error(R"("CallCoroutine": incorrect parameter count)");
	auto it = coroutines.find(function);
	lua_State* rthread;
	if (it == coroutines.end()) {
		rthread = lua_newthread(lua_state);
		const auto threadref = ensure_luaL_stack(luaL_ref, lua_state, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
		pushobject(rthread, function);
		if(!lua_isfunction(rthread, -1)) {
			ensure_luaL_stack(luaL_unref, lua_state, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, threadref);
			return ret_error(R"("CallCoroutine": attempt to call an error function)");
		}
		++call_depth;
		auto ret = coroutines.emplace(function, std::make_pair(rthread, threadref));
		it = ret.first;
	} else {
		if(step == 0) {
			auto ref = it->second.second;
			coroutines.erase(it);
			ensure_luaL_stack(luaL_unref, lua_state, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ref);
			--call_depth;
			if(call_depth == 0) {
				pduel->restore_assumes();
			}
			return ret_error("recursive event trigger detected.");
		}
		rthread = it->second.first;
	}
	push_param(rthread, true);
	auto prev_state = std::exchange(current_state, rthread);
	auto [result, nresults] = resume_coroutine(current_state, prev_state, param_count);
	current_state = prev_state;
	if(result == LUA_YIELD)
		return COROUTINE_YIELD;
	if(result != LUA_OK) {
		print_stacktrace(rthread);
		pduel->handle_message(lua_get_string_or_empty(rthread, -1), OCG_LOG_TYPE_ERROR);
	} else if(yield_value) {
		if(nresults == 0)
			*yield_value = 0;
		else if(lua_isboolean(rthread, -1))
			*yield_value = lua_toboolean(rthread, -1);
		else
			*yield_value = static_cast<lua_Integer>(lua_tointeger(rthread, -1));
	}
	auto ref = it->second.second;
	coroutines.erase(it);
	ensure_luaL_stack(luaL_unref, lua_state, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ref);
	--call_depth;
	if(call_depth == 0) {
		pduel->restore_assumes();
	}
	return (result == LUA_OK) ? COROUTINE_FINISH : COROUTINE_ERROR;
}
int32_t interpreter::clone_lua_ref(int32_t lua_ref) {
	lua_rawgeti(current_state, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, lua_ref);
	return ensure_luaL_stack(luaL_ref, current_state, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
}
int32_t interpreter::strong_from_weak_ref(int32_t weak_lua_ref) {
	push_weak_ref(current_state, weak_lua_ref);
	return ensure_luaL_stack(luaL_ref, current_state, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
}
void interpreter::push_weak_ref(lua_State* L, int32_t weak_lua_ref) {
	luaL_checkstack(L, 2, nullptr);
	lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, weak_lua_references);
	lua_rawgeti(L, -1, weak_lua_ref);
	lua_remove(L, -2);
}
void* interpreter::get_ref_object(int32_t ref_handler) {
	if(ref_handler == 0)
		return nullptr;
	lua_rawgeti(current_state, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ref_handler);
	auto obj = static_cast<lua_obj**>(lua_touserdata(current_state, -1));
	void* p = obj ? *obj : nullptr;
	lua_pop(current_state, 1);
	return p;
}
//Convert a pointer to a lua value, +1 -0
void interpreter::pushobject(lua_State* L, lua_obj* obj) {
	if(!obj || (obj->ref_handle == 0 && obj->weak_ref_handle == 0))
		lua_pushnil(L);
	else if(obj->ref_handle == 0)
		lua_get<duel*>(L)->lua->push_weak_ref(L, obj->weak_ref_handle);
	else
		lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, obj->ref_handle);
}
void interpreter::pushobject(lua_State* L, int32_t lua_ptr) {
	if(!lua_ptr)
		lua_pushnil(L);
	else
		lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, lua_ptr);
}
//Push all the elements of the table to the stack, +len(table) -0
int interpreter::pushExpandedTable(lua_State* L, int32_t table_index) {
	int extraargs = 0;
	lua_table_iterate(L, table_index, [&extraargs, &L] {
		luaL_checkstack(L, 1, nullptr);
		lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
		lua_insert(L, -3);
		++extraargs;
	});
	return extraargs;
}
int32_t interpreter::get_function_handle(lua_State* L, int32_t index) {
	lua_pushvalue(L, index);
	int32_t ref = ensure_luaL_stack(luaL_ref, L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
	return ref;
}

void interpreter::print_stacktrace(lua_State* L) {
	const auto pduel = lua_get<duel*>(L);
#if LUA_VERSION_NUM < 505
	// in lua 5.4 (and likely in 5.3 as well) luaL_traceback requires more than the 5 stack slots documented
	// and doesn't automatically increase the stack to fit its needs
	luaL_checkstack(L, 10, nullptr);
#endif
	ensure_luaL_stack(luaL_traceback, L, L, nullptr, 1);
	auto len = lua_rawlen(L, -1);
	/*checks for an empty stack*/
	if(len > sizeof("stack traceback:"))
		pduel->handle_message(lua_get_string_or_empty(L, -1), OCG_LOG_TYPE_FOR_DEBUG);
	lua_pop(L, 1);
}

void lua_obj::incr_ref() {
	if(ref_handle == 0) {
		ref_handle = pduel->lua->strong_from_weak_ref(weak_ref_handle);
	}
	++num_ref;
}

void lua_obj::decr_ref() {
	if(--num_ref == 0) {
		auto* L = pduel->lua->current_state;
		/*
			"ensure_luaL_stack" is not used because that would raise a lua error
			TODO: what to do here? assert if this fails?
		*/
		lua_checkstack(L, 5);
		luaL_unref(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ref_handle);
		ref_handle = 0;
	}
}