tinymux/utf/strings.cpp

/*! \file strings.cpp
 * \brief Top-level driver for building a state machine which recognizes a
 * code point and indicates an associated sequence of code point(s) -- for
 * example, upper case, lower case, title case, or possibly certain
 * canonicalizations.
 *
 * The input file is composed of lines.  Each line is broken in
 * semicolon-delimited fields.  The code point to recognize is taken from the
 * first field.  The associated sequence of code points is taken from the
 * second field.
 *
 * The constructed state machine associates the recognized code point with
 * one of potentially many accepting states.  Each accepting state
 * corresponds to an entry in an output table which contains enough
 * information to construct the sequence of associated code points.
 * Potentially, several output tables (one for each method of constructing the
 * associated code point sequence) may be generated.
 *
 * For example, many times, upper case and lower case characters occur in
 * runs.  It is possible to construct all of the associated code points in a
 * range by flippping the same bits in the corresponding range of given code
 * points.  Concretely, the ASCII range 'a-z' differ from 'A-Z' in one bit
 * (0x20).
 *
 * Another approach is to define a range and extract a portion of the given
 * code point to be used as an index within that range to determine the
 * associated code point.
 *
 * Sometimes, multiple corresponding code points are associated, and they must
 * be quoted explicitly.
 *
 * It is not always necessary for the state machine to look at every byte
 * of a code point to determine the associated code point(s).  For this
 * reason, to advance to the next code requires a method separate from the
 * state machine produced here.
 *
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <memory.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "ConvertUTF.h"
#include "smutil.h"

StateMachine sm;

#define TABLESIZE 40000

static struct
{
    UTF8  *p;
    size_t n_bytes;
    size_t n_points;
    int    n_refs;
} aLiteralTable[TABLESIZE];
int nLiteralTable = 0;

static struct
{
    UTF8  *p;
    size_t n_bytes;
    size_t n_points;
    int    n_refs;
} aXorTable[TABLESIZE];
int nXorTable = 0;

bool g_bDefault = false;
int  g_iDefaultState = 0;

void HandleXorArraySafely(const UTF8* pA, const UTF8* pEndA,
                         const UTF8* pB, const UTF8* pEndB,
                         UTF8* pXor, size_t xorSize,
                         bool& bSuccess, size_t& nXor)
{
    bSuccess = true;

    // First validate input lengths match
    size_t lenA = pEndA - pA;
    size_t lenB = pEndB - pB;

    if (lenA != lenB)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Warning: Mismatched UTF8 sequence lengths: %zu vs %zu\n", lenA, lenB);
        bSuccess = false;
        return;
    }

    if (lenA > xorSize)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Warning: UTF8 sequence too long for Xor buffer (%zu > %zu)\n",
                lenA, xorSize);
        bSuccess = false;
        return;
    }

    // Now do the XOR operation safely
    nXor = 0;
    while (pA < pEndA && pB < pEndB && nXor < xorSize)
    {
        pXor[nXor] = *pA ^ *pB;
        pA++;
        pB++;
        nXor++;
    }
}

#define MAX_POINTS 10
UTF32 ReadCodePointAndRelatedCodePoints(FILE *fp, int &nRelatedPoints, UTF32 aRelatedPoints[])
{
    nRelatedPoints = 0;

    char buffer[1024];
    char *p = ReadLine(fp, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
    if (nullptr == p)
    {
        return UNI_EOF;
    }

    int nFields;
    char *aFields[2];
    ParseFields(buffer, sizeof(aFields)/sizeof(aFields[0]), nFields, aFields);
    if (nFields < 2)
    {
        return UNI_EOF;
    }

    // Field #0 - Code Point
    //
    int codepoint = DecodeCodePoint(aFields[0]);


    // Field #1 - Associated Code Points.
    //
    int   nPoints;
    const char *aPoints[MAX_POINTS];
    ParsePoints(aFields[1], sizeof(aPoints)/sizeof(aPoints[0]), nPoints, aPoints);
    if (nPoints < 1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "At least one related code point is required.\n");
        exit(0);
        return UNI_EOF;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < nPoints; i++)
    {
        aRelatedPoints[i] = DecodeCodePoint(aPoints[i]);
    }
    nRelatedPoints = nPoints;
    return codepoint;
}

void BuildOutputTable(FILE *fp)
{
    fprintf(stderr, "Building Output Table.\n");
    fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET);

    int   nRelatedPoints;
    UTF32 aRelatedPoints[MAX_POINTS];
    UTF32 nextcode = ReadCodePointAndRelatedCodePoints(fp, nRelatedPoints, aRelatedPoints);

    while (UNI_EOF != nextcode)
    {
        UTF32 SourceA[2];
        SourceA[0] = nextcode;
        SourceA[1] = L'\0';
        const UTF32 *pSourceA = SourceA;

        UTF8 TargetA[5];
        UTF8 *pTargetA = TargetA;

        ConversionResult cr;
        cr = ConvertUTF32toUTF8(&pSourceA, pSourceA+1, &pTargetA,
            pTargetA+sizeof(TargetA)-1, lenientConversion);

        if (conversionOK != cr)
        {
            nextcode = ReadCodePointAndRelatedCodePoints(fp, nRelatedPoints, aRelatedPoints);
            continue;
        }

        UTF32 SourceB[MAX_POINTS+1];
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < nRelatedPoints; i++)
        {
            SourceB[i] = aRelatedPoints[i];
        }
        SourceB[i] = L'\0';
        const UTF32 *pSourceB = SourceB;

        UTF8 TargetB[5*MAX_POINTS];
        UTF8 *pTargetB = TargetB;

        cr = ConvertUTF32toUTF8(&pSourceB, pSourceB+nRelatedPoints, &pTargetB,
            pTargetB+sizeof(TargetB)-1, lenientConversion);

        if (conversionOK == cr)
        {
            bool bFound = false;
            if (pTargetA - TargetA != pTargetB - TargetB)
            {
                // Build Literal entry.
                //
                UTF8 *pLiteral  = TargetB;
                size_t nLiteral = pTargetB - TargetB;

                for (i = 0; i < nLiteralTable; i++)
                {
                    if (  aLiteralTable[i].n_bytes == nLiteral
                       && memcmp(aLiteralTable[i].p, pLiteral, nLiteral) == 0)
                    {
                        bFound = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if (!bFound)
                {
                    aLiteralTable[nLiteralTable].p = new UTF8[nLiteral];
                    memcpy(aLiteralTable[nLiteralTable].p, pLiteral, nLiteral);
                    aLiteralTable[nLiteralTable].n_bytes = nLiteral;
                    aLiteralTable[nLiteralTable].n_points = nRelatedPoints;
                    aLiteralTable[nLiteralTable].n_refs   = 0;
                    nLiteralTable++;
                    if (TABLESIZE <= nLiteralTable)
                    {
                        fprintf(stderr, "Literal Table full.\n");
                        exit(0);
                    }
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // Build XOR entry.
                //
                UTF8 Xor[5];
                size_t nXor = 0;

                bool bSuccess = true;
                HandleXorArraySafely(TargetA, pTargetA,
                                   TargetB, pTargetB,
                                   Xor, sizeof(Xor),
                                   bSuccess, nXor);

                if (bSuccess)
                {
                    for (i = 0; i < nXorTable; i++)
                    {
                        if (  aXorTable[i].n_bytes == nXor
                           && memcmp(aXorTable[i].p, Xor, nXor) == 0)
                        {
                            bFound = true;
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    if (!bFound && nXor > 0)
                    {
                        aXorTable[nXorTable].p = new UTF8[nXor];
                        memcpy(aXorTable[nXorTable].p, Xor, nXor);
                        aXorTable[nXorTable].n_bytes  = nXor;
                        aXorTable[nXorTable].n_points = nRelatedPoints;
                        aXorTable[nXorTable].n_refs   = 0;
                        nXorTable++;
                        if (TABLESIZE <= nXorTable)
                        {
                            fprintf(stderr, "XOR Table full.\n");
                            exit(0);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        UTF32 nextcode2 = ReadCodePointAndRelatedCodePoints(fp, nRelatedPoints, aRelatedPoints);
        if (nextcode2 < nextcode)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "Codes in file are not in order.\n");
            exit(0);
        }
        nextcode = nextcode2;
    }
    fprintf(stderr, "%d literals, %d xors\n", nLiteralTable, nXorTable);
}

void TestTable(FILE *fp)
{
    fprintf(stderr, "Testing STT table.\n");
    fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET);

    int   nRelatedPoints;
    UTF32 aRelatedPoints[MAX_POINTS];
    UTF32 nextcode = ReadCodePointAndRelatedCodePoints(fp, nRelatedPoints, aRelatedPoints);

    while (UNI_EOF != nextcode)
    {
        UTF32 SourceA[2];
        SourceA[0] = nextcode;
        SourceA[1] = L'\0';
        const UTF32 *pSourceA = SourceA;

        UTF8 TargetA[5];
        UTF8 *pTargetA = TargetA;

        ConversionResult cr;
        cr = ConvertUTF32toUTF8(&pSourceA, pSourceA+1, &pTargetA,
            pTargetA+sizeof(TargetA)-1, lenientConversion);

        if (conversionOK != cr)
        {
            nextcode = ReadCodePointAndRelatedCodePoints(fp, nRelatedPoints, aRelatedPoints);
            continue;
        }

        UTF32 SourceB[MAX_POINTS+1];
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < nRelatedPoints; i++)
        {
            SourceB[i] = aRelatedPoints[i];
        }
        SourceB[i] = L'\0';
        const UTF32 *pSourceB = SourceB;

        UTF8 TargetB[5*MAX_POINTS];
        UTF8 *pTargetB = TargetB;

        cr = ConvertUTF32toUTF8(&pSourceB, pSourceB+nRelatedPoints, &pTargetB,
            pTargetB+sizeof(TargetB)-1, lenientConversion);

        if (conversionOK == cr)
        {
            int iAcceptingState = g_bDefault ? 1 : 0;

            bool bFound = false;
            if (pTargetA - TargetA != pTargetB - TargetB)
            {
                // Build Literal entry.
                //
                UTF8 *pLiteral  = TargetB;
                size_t nLiteral = pTargetB - TargetB;

                for (i = 0; i < nLiteralTable; i++)
                {
                    if (  aLiteralTable[i].n_bytes == nLiteral
                       && memcmp(aLiteralTable[i].p, pLiteral, nLiteral) == 0)
                    {
                        bFound = true;
                        iAcceptingState += i;
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if (!bFound)
                {
                    fprintf(stderr, "Output String not found in Literal Table during testing. This should not happen.\n");
                    exit(0);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // Build XOR entry.
                //
                UTF8 Xor[5];
                size_t nXor = 0;

                bool bSuccess = true;
                HandleXorArraySafely(TargetA, pTargetA,
                                   TargetB, pTargetB,
                                   Xor, sizeof(Xor),
                                   bSuccess, nXor);

                if (bSuccess)
                {
                    for (i = 0; i < nXorTable; i++)
                    {
                        if (  aXorTable[i].n_bytes == nXor
                           && memcmp(aXorTable[i].p, Xor, nXor) == 0)
                        {
                            bFound = true;
                            iAcceptingState += nLiteralTable + i;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }

                if (!bFound)
                {
                    fprintf(stderr, "Output String not found in XOR Table or XOR operation failed during testing. This should not happen.\n");
                    exit(0);
                }
            }

            sm.TestString(TargetA, pTargetA, iAcceptingState);
        }

        UTF32 nextcode2 = ReadCodePointAndRelatedCodePoints(fp, nRelatedPoints, aRelatedPoints);
        if (nextcode2 < nextcode)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "Codes in file are not in order.\n");
            exit(0);
        }
        nextcode = nextcode2;
    }
}

void LoadStrings(FILE *fp, FILE *fpBody, FILE *fpInclude)
{
    int cIncluded = 0;

    fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET);
    int   nRelatedPoints;
    UTF32 aRelatedPoints[MAX_POINTS];
    UTF32 nextcode = ReadCodePointAndRelatedCodePoints(fp, nRelatedPoints, aRelatedPoints);

    while (UNI_EOF != nextcode)
    {
        UTF32 SourceA[2];
        SourceA[0] = nextcode;
        SourceA[1] = L'\0';
        const UTF32 *pSourceA = SourceA;

        UTF8 TargetA[5];
        UTF8 *pTargetA = TargetA;

        ConversionResult cr;
        cr = ConvertUTF32toUTF8(&pSourceA, pSourceA+1, &pTargetA, pTargetA+sizeof(TargetA)-1, lenientConversion);

        if (conversionOK != cr)
        {
            nextcode = ReadCodePointAndRelatedCodePoints(fp, nRelatedPoints, aRelatedPoints);
            continue;
        }

        UTF32 SourceB[MAX_POINTS+1];
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < nRelatedPoints; i++)
        {
            SourceB[i] = aRelatedPoints[i];
        }
        SourceB[i] = L'\0';
        const UTF32 *pSourceB = SourceB;

        UTF8 TargetB[5*MAX_POINTS];
        UTF8 *pTargetB = TargetB;

        cr = ConvertUTF32toUTF8(&pSourceB, pSourceB+nRelatedPoints, &pTargetB,
            pTargetB+sizeof(TargetB)-1, lenientConversion);

        if (conversionOK == cr)
        {
            int iAcceptingState = g_bDefault ? 1 : 0;

            bool bFound = false;
            if (pTargetA - TargetA != pTargetB - TargetB)
            {
                // Build Literal entry.
                //
                UTF8 *pLiteral  = TargetB;
                size_t nLiteral = pTargetB - TargetB;

                for (int i = 0; i < nLiteralTable; i++)
                {
                    if (  aLiteralTable[i].n_bytes == nLiteral
                       && memcmp(aLiteralTable[i].p, pLiteral, nLiteral) == 0)
                    {
                        bFound = true;
                        iAcceptingState += i;
                        aLiteralTable[i].n_refs++;
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if (!bFound)
                {
                    fprintf(stderr, "Output String not found in Literal Table. This should not happen.\n");
                    exit(0);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // Build XOR entry.
                //
                UTF8 Xor[5];
                size_t nXor = 0;

                bool bSuccess = true;
                HandleXorArraySafely(TargetA, pTargetA,
                                   TargetB, pTargetB,
                                   Xor, sizeof(Xor),
                                   bSuccess, nXor);

                if (bSuccess)
                {
                    for (int i = 0; i < nXorTable; i++)
                    {
                        if (  aXorTable[i].n_bytes == nXor
                           && memcmp(aXorTable[i].p, Xor, nXor) == 0)
                        {
                            bFound = true;
                            iAcceptingState += nLiteralTable + i;
                            aXorTable[i].n_refs++;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }

                if (!bFound)
                {
                    fprintf(stderr, "Output String not found in XOR Table or XOR operation failed. This should not happen.\n");
                    exit(0);
                }
            }

            cIncluded++;
            sm.RecordString(TargetA, pTargetA, iAcceptingState);
        }

        UTF32 nextcode2 = ReadCodePointAndRelatedCodePoints(fp, nRelatedPoints, aRelatedPoints);
        if (nextcode2 < nextcode)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "Codes in file are not in order.\n");
            exit(0);
        }
        nextcode = nextcode2;
    }
    fprintf(fpBody, "// %d code points.\n", cIncluded);
    fprintf(fpInclude, "// %d code points.\n", cIncluded);
    fprintf(stderr, "%d code points.\n", cIncluded);

    OutputStatus os;
    sm.OutputTables(nullptr, &os);
    fprintf(stderr, "%d states, %d columns, %d bytes\n", os.nStates, os.nColumns, os.SizeOfMachine);
}

extern bool g_bCMode;  // -c: emit co_string_desc instead of string_desc

void BuildAndOutputTable(FILE *fp, FILE *fpBody, FILE *fpInclude, char *UpperPrefix, char *LowerPrefix)
{
    BuildOutputTable(fp);

    // Construct State Transition Table.
    //
    sm.Init();
    LoadStrings(fp, fpBody, fpInclude);
    TestTable(fp);

    // Leaving states undefined leads to a smaller table.  On the other hand,
    // do not make queries for code points outside the expected set.
    //
    if (g_bDefault)
    {
        sm.SetUndefinedStates(g_iDefaultState);
        TestTable(fp);
    }

    // Optimize State Transition Table.
    //
    sm.MergeAcceptingStates();
    TestTable(fp);
    sm.MergeAcceptingStates();
    TestTable(fp);
    sm.MergeAcceptingStates();
    TestTable(fp);
    sm.RemoveDuplicateRows();
    TestTable(fp);
    sm.RemoveDuplicateRows();
    TestTable(fp);
    sm.RemoveDuplicateRows();
    TestTable(fp);
    sm.DetectDuplicateColumns();

    // Output State Transition Table.
    //
    sm.NumberStates();
    OutputControl oc;
    oc.fpBody = fpBody;
    oc.fpInclude = fpInclude;
    oc.UpperPrefix = UpperPrefix;
    oc.LowerPrefix = LowerPrefix;
    sm.OutputTables(&oc, nullptr);

    fprintf(fpBody, "\n");
    fprintf(fpInclude, "\n");

    int iLiteralStart = 0;
    int iXorStart = nLiteralTable;
    if (g_bDefault)
    {
        fprintf(fpInclude, "#define %s_DEFAULT (%d)\n", UpperPrefix, g_iDefaultState);
        iLiteralStart++;
        iXorStart++;
    }
    fprintf(fpInclude, "#define %s_LITERAL_START (%d)\n", UpperPrefix, iLiteralStart);
    fprintf(fpInclude, "#define %s_XOR_START (%d)\n", UpperPrefix, iXorStart);

#if 0
    fprintf(fpInclude, "\n");
    fprintf(fpInclude, "typedef struct\n");
    fprintf(fpInclude, "{\n");
    fprintf(fpInclude, "    size_t n_bytes;\n");
    fprintf(fpInclude, "    size_t n_points;\n");
    fprintf(fpInclude, "    const UTF8 *p;\n");
    fprintf(fpInclude, "} string_desc;\n");
    fprintf(fpInclude, "\n");
#endif

    const char *pDescType = g_bCMode ? "co_string_desc" : "string_desc";
    const char *pCastOpen = g_bCMode ? "(const unsigned char *)\"" : "T(\"";
    const char *pCastClose = g_bCMode ? "\"" : "\")";

    int nTotalSize = nLiteralTable + nXorTable;
    fprintf(fpInclude, "extern LIBMUX_API const %s %s_ott[%d];\n", pDescType, LowerPrefix, nTotalSize);
    fprintf(fpBody, "const %s %s_ott[%d] =\n", pDescType, LowerPrefix, nTotalSize);
    fprintf(fpBody, "{\n");
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < nLiteralTable; i++)
    {
        UTF8 *p = aLiteralTable[i].p;
        fprintf(fpBody, "    { %2ld, %2ld, ", aLiteralTable[i].n_bytes, aLiteralTable[i].n_points);

        fprintf(fpBody, "%s", pCastOpen);
        size_t n = aLiteralTable[i].n_bytes;
        while (n--)
        {
            fprintf(fpBody, "\\x%02X", *p);
            p++;
        }

        if (i != nTotalSize - 1)
        {
            fprintf(fpBody, "%s },", pCastClose);
        }
        else
        {
            fprintf(fpBody, "%s }", pCastClose);
        }
        fprintf(fpBody, " // %d references\n", aLiteralTable[i].n_refs);

        delete aLiteralTable[i].p;
        aLiteralTable[i].p = nullptr;
    }
    nLiteralTable = 0;

    for (i = 0; i < nXorTable; i++)
    {
        UTF8 *p = aXorTable[i].p;
        fprintf(fpBody, "    { %2ld, %2ld, ", aXorTable[i].n_bytes, aXorTable[i].n_points);

        fprintf(fpBody, "%s", pCastOpen);
        size_t n = aXorTable[i].n_bytes;
        while (n--)
        {
            fprintf(fpBody, "\\x%02X", *p);
            p++;
        }

        if (i != nXorTable - 1)
        {
            fprintf(fpBody, "%s },", pCastClose);
        }
        else
        {
            fprintf(fpBody, "%s }", pCastClose);
        }
        fprintf(fpBody, " // %d references\n", aXorTable[i].n_refs);

        delete aXorTable[i].p;
        aXorTable[i].p = nullptr;
    }
    nXorTable = 0;
    fprintf(fpBody, "};\n");
}

bool g_bCMode = false;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    const char *pPrefix = nullptr;
    const char *pFilename = nullptr;
    const char *pBodyFile = "utf8tables.cpp.txt";
    const char *pIncludeFile = "utf8tables.h.txt";

    if (argc < 3)
    {
        pFilename = "NumericDecimal.txt";
        pPrefix   = "digit";
        g_bDefault = false;
        g_iDefaultState = 0;
    }
    else
    {
        int j;
        for (j = 1; j < argc; j++)
        {
            if (0 == strcmp(argv[j], "-d"))
            {
                g_bDefault = true;
                g_iDefaultState = 0;
            }
            else if (0 == strcmp(argv[j], "-c"))
            {
                g_bCMode = true;
            }
            else if (0 == strcmp(argv[j], "-o") && j + 1 < argc)
            {
                pBodyFile = argv[++j];
            }
            else if (0 == strcmp(argv[j], "-i") && j + 1 < argc)
            {
                pIncludeFile = argv[++j];
            }
            else
            {
                if (nullptr == pPrefix)
                {
                    pPrefix = argv[j];
                }
                else if (nullptr == pFilename)
                {
                    pFilename = argv[j];
                }
            }
        }
    }

    FILE *fp = fopen(pFilename, "rb");
    FILE *fpBody = fopen(pBodyFile, "a");
    FILE *fpInclude = fopen(pIncludeFile, "a");
    if (  nullptr == fp
       || nullptr == fpBody
       || nullptr == fpInclude)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open %s, %s, or %s.\n", pFilename, pBodyFile, pIncludeFile);
        exit(0);
    }

    fprintf(fpBody, "// utf/%s\n//\n", pFilename);
    fprintf(fpInclude, "// utf/%s\n//\n", pFilename);

    size_t nPrefix = strlen(pPrefix);
    char *pPrefixLower = new char[nPrefix+1];
    char *pPrefixUpper = new char[nPrefix+1];
    memcpy(pPrefixLower, pPrefix, nPrefix+1);
    memcpy(pPrefixUpper, pPrefix, nPrefix+1);

    size_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < nPrefix; i++)
    {
        if (isupper(pPrefixLower[i]))
        {
            pPrefixLower[i] = static_cast<char>(tolower(pPrefixLower[i]));
        }

        if (islower(pPrefixUpper[i]))
        {
            pPrefixUpper[i] = static_cast<char>(toupper(pPrefixUpper[i]));
        }
    }

    BuildAndOutputTable(fp, fpBody, fpInclude, pPrefixUpper, pPrefixLower);
    //VerifyTables(fp);

    fprintf(fpInclude, "\n");
    fprintf(fpBody, "\n");

    fclose(fp);
    fclose(fpBody);
    fclose(fpInclude);
}