/*! \file alloc.h
 * \brief External definitions for memory allocation subsystem.
 *
 */

#ifndef ALLOC_H
#define ALLOC_H

constexpr int POOL_LBUF    = 0;
constexpr int POOL_SBUF    = 1;
constexpr int POOL_MBUF    = 2;
constexpr int POOL_BOOL    = 3;
constexpr int POOL_DESC    = 4;
constexpr int POOL_QENTRY  = 5;
constexpr int POOL_PCACHE  = 6;
constexpr int NUM_POOLS    = 7;

#define LBUF_SIZE   32768   // Large (must remain #define for preprocessor conditionals)
constexpr int GBUF_SIZE   = 1024;    // Generic
constexpr int MBUF_SIZE   = 400;     // Medium
constexpr int PBUF_SIZE   = 128;     // Pathname
constexpr int SBUF_SIZE   = 64;      // Small

extern LIBMUX_API bool g_paranoid_alloc;

// Pool memory footprint budget (#pool-oom).  Buffers taken from the system
// are never returned to it (they stay on the pool freelist), so the process's
// pool footprint only grows on the slow allocation path and g_pool_system_bytes
// never shrinks.  When g_pool_limit_bytes is non-zero and the running system
// total would exceed it, the allocator trips the per-command abort
// (alarm_clock.alarmed) so a runaway command unwinds and frees its buffers to
// the freelist instead of the process reaching a fatal OutOfMemory.  Once
// breached the ceiling stays in force until restart or the admin raises the
// limit (the warning re-arms only if the limit is raised past the footprint).
// 0 = unlimited (legacy behavior).  Set by the engine from config.
extern LIBMUX_API size_t g_pool_limit_bytes;
extern LIBMUX_API size_t g_pool_system_bytes;   // total bytes ever taken from system
LIBMUX_API void pool_init(int, int);
LIBMUX_API UTF8* pool_alloc(int poolnum, const UTF8* tag, const UTF8* file, const int line);
LIBMUX_API UTF8* pool_alloc_lbuf(const UTF8* tag, const UTF8* file, const int line);
LIBMUX_API void pool_free(int poolnum, UTF8* buf, const UTF8* file, const int line);
LIBMUX_API void pool_free_lbuf(UTF8* buf, const UTF8* file, const int line);
// alloc_notify_fn — callback for @list buffers output.
// Engine sets this to a function that calls notify().
//
typedef void (*ALLOC_NOTIFY_FN)(dbref player, const UTF8 *text);
extern LIBMUX_API ALLOC_NOTIFY_FN g_alloc_notify_fn;

// driver_config_sync_fn — callback so engine @admin of DRIVER_CONFIG knobs
// can push mudconf into the driver's g_dc basket without a restart.  Driver
// registers this after the first GetConfig(); engine calls it from
// cf_live_driver_int.  nullptr until the driver is up (boot conf is applied
// by the initial GetConfig after LoadGame).
//
typedef void (*DRIVER_CONFIG_SYNC_FN)(void);
extern LIBMUX_API DRIVER_CONFIG_SYNC_FN g_driver_config_sync_fn;

LIBMUX_API void list_bufstats(dbref);
LIBMUX_API void list_buftrace(dbref);
LIBMUX_API void pool_reset(void);

#define alloc_lbuf(s)    pool_alloc_lbuf(T(s), reinterpret_cast<const UTF8 *>(__FILE__), __LINE__)
#define free_lbuf(b)     pool_free_lbuf(reinterpret_cast<UTF8 *>(b), reinterpret_cast<const UTF8 *>(__FILE__), __LINE__)
#define alloc_mbuf(s)    pool_alloc(POOL_MBUF, T(s), reinterpret_cast<const UTF8 *>(__FILE__), __LINE__)
#define free_mbuf(b)     pool_free(POOL_MBUF, reinterpret_cast<UTF8 *>(b), reinterpret_cast<const UTF8 *>(__FILE__), __LINE__)
#define alloc_sbuf(s)    pool_alloc(POOL_SBUF, T(s), reinterpret_cast<const UTF8 *>(__FILE__), __LINE__)
#define free_sbuf(b)     pool_free(POOL_SBUF, reinterpret_cast<UTF8 *>(b), reinterpret_cast<const UTF8 *>(__FILE__), __LINE__)
#define alloc_bool(s)    reinterpret_cast<struct boolexp *>(pool_alloc(POOL_BOOL, T(s), reinterpret_cast<const UTF8 *>(__FILE__), __LINE__))
#define free_bool(b)     pool_free(POOL_BOOL, reinterpret_cast<UTF8 *>(b), reinterpret_cast<const UTF8 *>(__FILE__), __LINE__)
#define alloc_qentry(s)  reinterpret_cast<BQUE *>(pool_alloc(POOL_QENTRY, T(s), reinterpret_cast<const UTF8 *>(__FILE__), __LINE__))
#define free_qentry(b)   pool_free(POOL_QENTRY, reinterpret_cast<UTF8 *>(b), reinterpret_cast<const UTF8 *>(__FILE__), __LINE__)
#define alloc_pcache(s)  reinterpret_cast<PCACHE *>(pool_alloc(POOL_PCACHE, T(s), reinterpret_cast<const UTF8 *>(__FILE__), __LINE__))
#define free_pcache(b)   pool_free(POOL_PCACHE, reinterpret_cast<UTF8 *>(b), reinterpret_cast<const UTF8 *>(__FILE__), __LINE__)

// src is evaluated exactly once, and BEFORE the bounds test.
//
// It used to be evaluated only inside the test, which makes the macro
// unsafe for any argument with a side effect: once the buffer is full the
// argument stops being evaluated at all.  A caller writing the natural
//
//     while (p < end) safe_chr(*p++, buff, bufp);
//
// would then spin forever rather than truncate, because p stops advancing
// exactly when the copy stops happening.  That is not hypothetical -- it is
// #1930, where color_ops' WP_SAFE had this shape and one softcode
// expression could hang the whole (single-threaded) server.  Twelve loops
// there passed *s++ to it.
//
// No caller here passes a side-effecting argument today; every call site of
// safe_chr / safe_sb_chr / safe_mb_chr / safe_bool was checked.  This is a
// trap with nobody standing on it, and the point of the temporary is that
// stepping on it later is harmless.
#define safe_copy_chr_ascii(src, buff, bufp, nSizeOfBuffer) \
{ \
    const UTF8 scca_chr_ = static_cast<UTF8>(src); \
    if (static_cast<size_t>(*bufp - buff) < nSizeOfBuffer) \
    { \
        **bufp = scca_chr_; \
        (*bufp)++; \
    } \
}

#define safe_str(s,b,p)           safe_copy_str_lbuf(s,b,p)
#define safe_bool(c,b,p)          safe_chr(((c) ? '1' : '0'),b,p)
#define safe_sb_str(s,b,p)        safe_copy_str(s,b,p,(SBUF_SIZE-1))
#define safe_mb_str(s,b,p)        safe_copy_str(s,b,p,(MBUF_SIZE-1))

#define safe_chr_ascii(c,b,p)     safe_copy_chr_ascii(static_cast<UTF8>(c),b,p,(LBUF_SIZE-1))
#define safe_sb_chr_ascii(c,b,p)  safe_copy_chr_ascii(c,b,p,(SBUF_SIZE-1))
#define safe_mb_chr_ascii(c,b,p)  safe_copy_chr_ascii(c,b,p,(MBUF_SIZE-1))

// Slowly transition from safe_chr to safe_chr_ascii and safe_chr_utf8,
// safe_sb_chr to safe_sb_chr_ascii,and safe_mb_chr to safe_mb_chr_ascii.
//
#define safe_sb_chr safe_sb_chr_ascii
#define safe_mb_chr safe_mb_chr_ascii
#define safe_chr safe_chr_ascii

// ---------------------------------------------------------------
// RAII wrapper for pool-allocated LBUF buffers.
//
// Replaces stack-allocated UTF8 buf[LBUF_SIZE] with a heap-backed
// pool buffer that is automatically freed when the scope exits.
// This removes LBUF_SIZE from the stack frame, making it safe to
// increase LBUF_SIZE without risking stack overflow in recursive
// evaluation paths.
//
// Usage:
//   LBuf tmp(T("my_func"));
//   UTF8 *bp = tmp;
//   safe_str(text, tmp, &bp);
//   *bp = '\0';
//
// The LBuf_Src macro captures __FILE__/__LINE__ for pool tracking:
//   LBuf_Src tmp("my_func");
//
// To adopt a buffer returned by atr_get/atr_pget (caller-owned):
//   LBuf_Adopt buf(atr_pget(thing, A_DESC, &aowner, &aflags));
//
class LBuf {
    UTF8 *m_buf;
    const UTF8 *m_file;
    int m_line;

    struct adopt_tag {};

    LBuf(UTF8 *buf, const UTF8 *file, int line, adopt_tag)
        : m_buf(buf), m_file(file), m_line(line) {}

public:
    LBuf(const UTF8 *tag, const UTF8 *file, int line)
        : m_buf(pool_alloc_lbuf(tag, file, line)),
          m_file(file), m_line(line) {}

    ~LBuf() { if (m_buf) pool_free_lbuf(m_buf, m_file, m_line); }

    LBuf(const LBuf &) = delete;
    LBuf &operator=(const LBuf &) = delete;

    LBuf(LBuf &&other) noexcept
        : m_buf(other.m_buf), m_file(other.m_file), m_line(other.m_line)
    { other.m_buf = nullptr; }

    LBuf &operator=(LBuf &&other) noexcept {
        if (this != &other) {
            if (m_buf) pool_free_lbuf(m_buf, m_file, m_line);
            m_buf = other.m_buf;
            m_file = other.m_file;
            m_line = other.m_line;
            other.m_buf = nullptr;
        }
        return *this;
    }

    static LBuf adopt(UTF8 *buf, const UTF8 *file, int line) {
        return LBuf(buf, file, line, adopt_tag{});
    }

    // Relinquish ownership and return the raw buffer; the caller becomes
    // responsible for freeing it (e.g. a producer that returns an lbuf for the
    // caller to adopt). After release() the LBuf is empty and frees nothing.
    UTF8 *release() { UTF8 *b = m_buf; m_buf = nullptr; return b; }

    // Free the held buffer now and become empty (idempotent).
    void reset() {
        if (m_buf) pool_free_lbuf(m_buf, m_file, m_line);
        m_buf = nullptr;
    }

    UTF8 *get() { return m_buf; }
    const UTF8 *get() const { return m_buf; }
    operator UTF8 *() { return m_buf; }
    operator const UTF8 *() const { return m_buf; }
    UTF8 &operator[](size_t i) { return m_buf[i]; }
    const UTF8 &operator[](size_t i) const { return m_buf[i]; }
};

#define LBuf_Src(tag) LBuf(T(tag), reinterpret_cast<const UTF8 *>(__FILE__), __LINE__)
#define LBuf_Adopt(expr) LBuf::adopt((expr), reinterpret_cast<const UTF8 *>(__FILE__), __LINE__)

//! \class LBufPtr
// Owning, nullable, movable handle for a pool lbuf.
//
// LBuf always allocates in its constructor and is the right tool for a scoped
// scratch buffer. LBufPtr differs in being default-constructible to empty,
// reseatable, and able to release() its ownership. That makes it suitable for:
//   - conditional ownership (own a buffer on some paths, borrow on others),
//   - holding an lbuf in a struct/queue entry across function boundaries,
//   - a producer that hands the buffer back to its caller (construct, fill,
//     release() at the single success return — early/error returns free it).
//
// Usage:
//   LBufPtr buf;                          // empty
//   buf = LBufPtr_Src("producer");        // allocate
//   ... fill buf ...
//   return buf.release();                 // caller now owns it
//
//   LBufPtr held = LBufPtr_Adopt(atr_pget(...));  // adopt caller-owned buffer
//
class LBufPtr {
    UTF8 *m_buf;
    const UTF8 *m_file;
    int m_line;

    struct adopt_tag {};

    LBufPtr(UTF8 *buf, const UTF8 *file, int line, adopt_tag)
        : m_buf(buf), m_file(file), m_line(line) {}

public:
    LBufPtr() : m_buf(nullptr), m_file(nullptr), m_line(0) {}

    LBufPtr(const UTF8 *tag, const UTF8 *file, int line)
        : m_buf(pool_alloc_lbuf(tag, file, line)),
          m_file(file), m_line(line) {}

    ~LBufPtr() { if (m_buf) pool_free_lbuf(m_buf, m_file, m_line); }

    LBufPtr(const LBufPtr &) = delete;
    LBufPtr &operator=(const LBufPtr &) = delete;

    LBufPtr(LBufPtr &&other) noexcept
        : m_buf(other.m_buf), m_file(other.m_file), m_line(other.m_line)
    { other.m_buf = nullptr; }

    LBufPtr &operator=(LBufPtr &&other) noexcept {
        if (this != &other) {
            if (m_buf) pool_free_lbuf(m_buf, m_file, m_line);
            m_buf = other.m_buf;
            m_file = other.m_file;
            m_line = other.m_line;
            other.m_buf = nullptr;
        }
        return *this;
    }

    static LBufPtr adopt(UTF8 *buf, const UTF8 *file, int line) {
        return LBufPtr(buf, file, line, adopt_tag{});
    }

    // Relinquish ownership; caller becomes responsible for freeing.
    UTF8 *release() { UTF8 *b = m_buf; m_buf = nullptr; return b; }

    // Free the held buffer now and become empty (idempotent).
    void reset() {
        if (m_buf) pool_free_lbuf(m_buf, m_file, m_line);
        m_buf = nullptr;
    }

    UTF8 *get() { return m_buf; }
    const UTF8 *get() const { return m_buf; }
    operator UTF8 *() { return m_buf; }
    operator const UTF8 *() const { return m_buf; }
    UTF8 &operator[](size_t i) { return m_buf[i]; }
    const UTF8 &operator[](size_t i) const { return m_buf[i]; }
    explicit operator bool() const { return m_buf != nullptr; }
};

#define LBufPtr_Src(tag) LBufPtr(T(tag), reinterpret_cast<const UTF8 *>(__FILE__), __LINE__)
#define LBufPtr_Adopt(expr) LBufPtr::adopt((expr), reinterpret_cast<const UTF8 *>(__FILE__), __LINE__)

#include <memory>

//! \struct RegBuffer
// Shared buffer that packs multiple register values into a single
// LBUF_SIZE block.  Reference-counted via std::shared_ptr.
struct RegBuffer
{
    UTF8   data[LBUF_SIZE];
    size_t used;

    RegBuffer() : used(0) { memset(data, 0, sizeof(data)); }
};

//! \struct reg_ref
// A register value — a view into a shared RegBuffer.
// Allocated with new/delete (not pool-allocated).
// The refcount tracks how many pointers reference this reg_ref.
// The shared_ptr<RegBuffer> automatically manages the underlying buffer.
struct reg_ref
{
    int      refcount;
    std::shared_ptr<RegBuffer> buf;
    size_t   reg_len;
    UTF8    *reg_ptr;

    reg_ref() : refcount(0), reg_len(0), reg_ptr(nullptr) {}
};

#endif //!ALLOC_H