uox3/source/IP4Address.cpp

// 
// Created on:  6/8/21

#include "IP4Address.hpp"


#include <algorithm>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <fstream>
#if defined(_WIN32)
#define NOMINMAX
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <ws2tcpip.h>
#include <iphlpapi.h>
#include <stringapiset.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "Ws2_32.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "IPHLPAPI.lib")
constexpr auto WORKING_BUFFER_SIZE = 15000;
constexpr auto MAX_TRIES = 3;

#define MALLOC(x) HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), 0, (x))
#define FREE(x) HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, (x))
#else

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <ifaddrs.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#endif
using namespace std::string_literals ;
//=================================================================================
// string manipulation, in case strutil is not available. Enables this to be standalone
//=================================================================================
//=================================================================================
auto trim(const std::string &value) ->std::string {
	auto rvalue = std::string() ;
	auto startpos = value.find_first_not_of(" \t\r\n\f");
	if(startpos!= std::string::npos){
		rvalue = value.substr(startpos);
		auto endpos = rvalue.find_last_not_of(" \t\r\n\f");
		if (endpos != std::string::npos) {
			rvalue = rvalue.substr(0,endpos+1) ;
		}
	}
	return rvalue ;
}
//=================================================================================
auto parse(const std::string &value, const std::string &separator=".") ->std::vector<std::string>{
	auto rvalue = std::vector<std::string>() ;
	auto subject = trim(value) ;
	auto position = subject.find(separator) ;
	if (position == std::string::npos){
		// It coulnd't find the separator
		rvalue.push_back(subject);
	}
	else {
		while (position != std::string::npos){
			auto parsed = trim(subject.substr(0,position)) ;
			rvalue.push_back(parsed);
			subject = subject.substr(position+separator.size()) ;
			position = subject.find(separator);
		}
		subject = trim(subject);
		rvalue.push_back(subject);
	}
	return rvalue ;
}
//=================================================================================
auto strip(const std::string &value, const std::string &identifier="//") -> std::string {
	auto position = value.find(identifier);
	return value.substr(0,position) ;
}
//=================================================================================
auto split(const std::string &value, const std::string &identifier="=") -> std::pair<std::string,std::string>{
	auto position = value.find(identifier);
	auto pos1 = trim(value.substr(0,position)) ;
	auto pos2 = trim(value.substr(position+identifier.size()));
	return std::make_pair(pos1, pos2);
}

//=================================================================================
// ip4addr_t
//=================================================================================

//=================================================================================
const std::vector<ip4addr_t> ip4addr_t::lanips{
	ip4addr_t("10.*.*.*"s),ip4addr_t("192.168.*.*"s),ip4addr_t("172.16.*.*"s),ip4addr_t("172.17.*.*"s),
	ip4addr_t("172.18.*.*"s),ip4addr_t("172.19.*.*"s),ip4addr_t("172.20.*.*"s),ip4addr_t("172.21.*.*"s),
	ip4addr_t("172.22.*.*"s),ip4addr_t("172.23.*.*"s),ip4addr_t("172.241.*.*"s),ip4addr_t("172.25.*.*"s),
	ip4addr_t("172.26.*.*"s),ip4addr_t("172.27.*.*"s),ip4addr_t("172.28.*.*"s),ip4addr_t("172.29.*.*"s),
	ip4addr_t("172.30.*.*"s),ip4addr_t("172.31.*.*"s)
} ;
//=================================================================================
const std::vector<ip4addr_t> ip4addr_t::localips{
	ip4addr_t("127.*.*.*")
};
//=================================================================================
const std::vector<ip4addr_t> ip4addr_t::apipaips{
	ip4addr_t("169.254.*.*")
};

auto ip4addr_t::exact(const ip4addr_t& value) const ->bool {
	auto rvalue = true ;
	for (auto i = 0; i<4;++i) {
		if (components[i] != value.components[i]){
			rvalue = false ;
			break;
		}
	}
	return rvalue ;
}

//==============================================================
auto ip4addr_t::match(std::uint32_t value, bool bigendian) const ->int {
	auto ptr = reinterpret_cast<std::uint8_t*>(&value) ;
	if (!bigendian){
		std::reverse(ptr, ptr+4);
	}
	auto match = 0 ;
	for (const auto &comp : components){
		match += 1 ;
		if ((comp != "*") && !comp.empty()) {
			try {
				if (std::stoi(comp)  != *ptr) {
					match -=1 ;
					break;
				}
			}
			catch(...) {
				// the value couldn't be converted
				match -=1;
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	return match ;
}
//==============================================================
auto ip4addr_t::match(const ip4addr_t &value) const ->int {
	auto rvalue = 0 ;
	for (auto i = 0 ; i<4 ; ++i){
		rvalue = i+1 ;
		if (!(((value.components[i] == "*") || value.components[i].empty()) ||
			((components[i] == "*") || components[i].empty()))){
			// Neither are wild, we have to match them
			if ( value.components[i] != components[i]) {
				rvalue = rvalue -1 ;
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	return rvalue ;
}
//=========================================================
ip4addr_t::ip4addr_t(const std::string &value ){
	components.fill("*"s);
	auto values = parse(value) ;
	switch (value.size()) {
		default:
		case 4:
			components[3] = values[3] ;
			[[fallthrough]];
		case 3:
			components[2] = values[2] ;
			[[fallthrough]];
		case 2:
			components[1] = values[1] ;
			[[fallthrough]];
		case 1:
			components[0] = values[0] ;
			[[fallthrough]];
		case 0:
			break;
	}
}
//=========================================================
ip4addr_t::ip4addr_t(std::uint32_t addr,bool bigendian ){
	components.fill("*"s);
	auto ptr = reinterpret_cast<std::uint8_t*>(&addr);
	if (!bigendian) {
		std::reverse(ptr, ptr+4);
	}
	for (auto i=0 ; i<4 ;++i) {
		components[i] = std::to_string(ptr[i]) ;
	}
}
//=========================================================
auto ip4addr_t::ipaddr(bool bigendian) const ->std::uint32_t {
	auto rvalue = std::uint32_t(0) ;
	auto ptr = reinterpret_cast<std::uint8_t*>(&rvalue);
	for (auto i=0 ; i<4 ; ++i){
		auto value = std::uint8_t(0) ;
		try {
			value = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(std::stoi(components[i])) ;
		}
		catch(...){
			throw std::runtime_error("Error converting ip to a number"s);
		}
		ptr[i] = value ;
	}
	if (!bigendian){
		std::reverse(ptr, ptr+4);
	}
	return rvalue ;
}
//=========================================================
// This assumes the value is in big endian
auto ip4addr_t::operator==(std::uint32_t value) const ->bool {
	return match(value)==4 ;
}
//=========================================================
auto ip4addr_t::operator==(const ip4addr_t &value) const ->bool {
	return match(value)==4 ;
}
//=========================================================
auto ip4addr_t::type() const ->ip4type_t {
	auto rvalue = ip4type_t::wan ;
	try {
		auto iter = std::find_if(lanips.begin(),lanips.end(),[this](const ip4addr_t& ip){
			return *this == ip ;
		});
		if (iter!= lanips.end()){
			rvalue = ip4type_t::lan ;
		}
		else{
			auto iter = std::find_if(localips.begin(),localips.end(),[this](const ip4addr_t& ip){
				return *this == ip ;
			});
			if (iter !=localips.end()){
				rvalue = ip4type_t::local ;
			}
			else {
				auto iter = std::find_if(apipaips.begin(),apipaips.end(),[this](const ip4addr_t& ip){
					return *this == ip ;
				});
				if (iter !=apipaips.end()){
					rvalue = ip4type_t::apipa ;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	catch(...) {
		rvalue = ip4type_t::invalid ;
	}
	return rvalue ;
}
//=========================================================
auto ip4addr_t::description() const ->std::string {
	auto ip = std::string() ;
	for (auto &value : components){
		ip += value + "."s ;
	}
	return ip.substr(0,ip.size()-1) ;
}
//=================================================================================
// ip4list_t
//=================================================================================

//=================================================================================
ip4list_t::ip4list_t(const std::string &filename) {
	if (!filename.empty()){
		load(filename) ;
	}
}

//=================================================================================
auto ip4list_t::bestmatch(const ip4addr_t &value) const ->std::pair<ip4addr_t,int> {
	auto matches = std::vector<std::pair<ip4addr_t,int>>() ;
	for (const auto &addr: ipaddresses){
		auto comp = addr.match(value);
		matches.push_back(std::make_pair(addr, comp));
	}
	std::sort(matches.begin(),matches.end(),[](const std::pair<ip4addr_t,int> &lhs, const std::pair<ip4addr_t,int> &rhs){
		return lhs.second < rhs.second ;
	});
	return *matches.rbegin();
}
//=================================================================================
auto ip4list_t::bestmatch(std::uint32_t value, bool bigendian ) const ->std::pair<ip4addr_t,int> {
	auto ptr = reinterpret_cast<std::uint8_t*>(&value);
	if (!bigendian){
		std::reverse(ptr, ptr+4);
	}
	auto matches = std::vector<std::pair<ip4addr_t,int>>() ;
	for (const auto &addr: ipaddresses){
		auto comp = addr.match(value);
		matches.push_back(std::make_pair(addr, comp));
	}
	std::sort(matches.begin(),matches.end(),[](const std::pair<ip4addr_t,int> &lhs, const std::pair<ip4addr_t,int> &rhs){
		return lhs.second < rhs.second ;
	});
	return *matches.rbegin();
	
}
//=================================================================================
auto ip4list_t::add(const ip4addr_t &value) ->void {
	ipaddresses.push_back(value);
}
//=================================================================================
auto ip4list_t::remove(const ip4addr_t &value) ->void {
	auto iter = std::find_if(ipaddresses.begin(),ipaddresses.end(),[value](const ip4addr_t &entry){
		return value.exact(entry);
	});
	if (iter != ipaddresses.end()){
		ipaddresses.erase(iter) ;
	}
}
//=================================================================================
auto ip4list_t::size() const ->size_t {
	return ipaddresses.size() ;
}
//=================================================================================
auto ip4list_t::load(const std::string &filename) ->bool {
	auto rvalue = false ;
	enum state_t {section,startsection,data};
	ipaddresses.clear() ;
	auto input = std::ifstream(filename);
	if (input.is_open()){
		rvalue = true ;
		char inputline[4096] ;
		auto state = state_t::section ;
		while (input.good() && !input.eof()) {
			input.getline(inputline, 4095);
			if (input.gcount()>0) {
				inputline[input.gcount()]=0 ;
				auto line = trim(strip(std::string(inputline))) ;
				if (!line.empty()){
					// look for a section
					switch (static_cast<int>(state)){
						case static_cast<int>(state_t::section): {
							if (line[0] == '['){
								if (line[line.size()-1] == ']'){
									// it is a section!
									line = trim(line.substr(1,line.find("]")-1));
									// apparently we dont look at this?
									state = state_t::startsection;
								}
							}
							break;
						}
							
						case static_cast<int>(state_t::startsection):{
							if (line[0] == '{') {
								state = state_t::data ;
							}
							break;
						}
						case static_cast<int>(state_t::data):{
							if (line[0] != '}') {
								auto [key,value] = split(line,"=") ;
								if ((key=="ip") || (key=="IP") || (key=="Ip") || (key=="iP")) {
									ipaddresses.push_back(ip4addr_t(value));
								}
							}
							else {
								state = state_t::section;
							}
						}
							
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return rvalue ;
}

//=================================================================================
auto ip4list_t::ips() const ->const std::vector<ip4addr_t>& {
	return ipaddresses;
}
//=================================================================================
auto ip4list_t::ips() -> std::vector<ip4addr_t>&{
	return ipaddresses;
}

// Unfortunately, the approach here for the unix/windows is almost totally
// different, so effectively, to completely different routines
#if defined(_WIN32)
//=================================================================================
auto ip4list_t::available() ->ip4list_t{
	/* Note: could also use malloc() and free() */
	
	ip4list_t rvalue;
	std::string device ;
	ip4addr_t device_address ;
	
	
	/* Declare and initialize variables */
	
	DWORD dwSize = 0;
	DWORD dwRetVal = 0;
	
	unsigned int i = 0;
	
	// Set the flags to pass to GetAdaptersAddresses
	ULONG flags = GAA_FLAG_INCLUDE_PREFIX;
	
	// default to unspecified address family (both)
	ULONG family = AF_INET;
	
	LPVOID lpMsgBuf = NULL;
	
	PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES pAddresses = NULL;
	ULONG outBufLen = 0;
	ULONG Iterations = 0;
	
	PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES pCurrAddresses = NULL;
	PIP_ADAPTER_UNICAST_ADDRESS pUnicast = NULL;
	PIP_ADAPTER_ANYCAST_ADDRESS pAnycast = NULL;
	PIP_ADAPTER_MULTICAST_ADDRESS pMulticast = NULL;
	IP_ADAPTER_DNS_SERVER_ADDRESS* pDnServer = NULL;
	IP_ADAPTER_PREFIX* pPrefix = NULL;
	
	// Allocate a 15 KB buffer to start with.
	outBufLen = WORKING_BUFFER_SIZE;
	
	do {
		
		pAddresses = (IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES*)MALLOC(outBufLen);
		if (pAddresses == nullptr) {
			throw std::runtime_error("Memory allocation files for IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES");
		}
		
		dwRetVal =
		GetAdaptersAddresses(family, flags, NULL, pAddresses, &outBufLen);
		
		if (dwRetVal == ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW) {
			FREE(pAddresses);
			pAddresses = NULL;
		}
		else {
			break;
		}
		
		Iterations++;
		
	} while ((dwRetVal == ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW) && (Iterations < MAX_TRIES));
	
	if (dwRetVal == NO_ERROR) {
		// If successful, output some information from the data we received
		pCurrAddresses = pAddresses;
		while (pCurrAddresses) {
			
			
			
			pUnicast = pCurrAddresses->FirstUnicastAddress;
			if (pUnicast != nullptr) {
				if (pUnicast->Address.lpSockaddr->sa_family == AF_INET) {
					for (i = 0; pUnicast != nullptr; i++) {
						const int friendlen = 200;
						
						char friendly[friendlen];
						std::memset(friendly, 0, friendlen);
						sockaddr_in* sa_in = (sockaddr_in*)pUnicast->Address.lpSockaddr;
						device_address = ip4addr_t(sa_in->sin_addr.S_un.S_addr );
						
						if (device_address.type() != ip4addr_t::ip4type_t::apipa) {
							//ourdevice.address = inet_ntop(AF_INET, &(sa_in->sin_addr), buff, bufflen);
							BOOL conv = false;
							device = "";
							if (WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, pCurrAddresses->FriendlyName, -1, friendly, friendlen, 0, &conv)> 0) {
								device = friendly;
							}
							if (!device.empty()){
								// The device has a name, might be intersted
								if (device.find("(WSL)")== std::string::npos){
									// we dont want a psuedo WSL device on windows
									rvalue.add(device_address) ;
								}
							}
							
						}
						pUnicast = pUnicast->Next;
					}
				}
				
				
			}
			
			pCurrAddresses = pCurrAddresses->Next;
		}
	}
	else {
		
		if (dwRetVal != ERROR_NO_DATA) {
			if (pAddresses)
				FREE(pAddresses);
			
			throw std::runtime_error("Unable to get address info");
		}
	}
	
	if (pAddresses) {
		FREE(pAddresses);
	}
	return rvalue;
}
#else
auto ip4list_t::available() ->ip4list_t {
	ip4list_t rvalue ;
	struct ifaddrs * ifAddrStruct=NULL;
	struct ifaddrs * ifa=NULL;
	void * tmpAddrPtr=NULL;
	ip4addr_t device_address ;
	
	getifaddrs(&ifAddrStruct);
	
	for (ifa = ifAddrStruct; ifa != NULL; ifa = ifa->ifa_next) {
		if (!ifa->ifa_addr) {
			continue;
		}
		if (ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family == AF_INET) { // check it is IP4
			// is a valid IP4 Address
			tmpAddrPtr=&((struct sockaddr_in *)ifa->ifa_addr)->sin_addr;
			auto holder = *reinterpret_cast<sockaddr_in *>(ifa->ifa_addr);
			auto addr = ip4addr_t(holder.sin_addr.s_addr);
			if (addr.type() != ip4addr_t::ip4type_t::apipa){
				rvalue.add(addr);
			}
		}
	}
	if (ifAddrStruct!=NULL) {
		freeifaddrs(ifAddrStruct);
	}
	return rvalue ;
}

#endif



#if 0


#include "ConfigOS.h"

#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <sstream>

#if PLATFORM == WINDOWS
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <ws2tcpip.h>
#include <iphlpapi.h>
#include <stringapiset.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "Ws2_32.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "IPHLPAPI.lib")
#define WORKING_BUFFER_SIZE 15000
#define MAX_TRIES 3

#define MALLOC(x) HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), 0, (x))
#define FREE(x) HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, (x))

#else

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <ifaddrs.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>

#endif
//+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
//
//		Methods for IP4Address
//
//+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
//
const std::vector<IP4Address> IP4Address::_privateIPs  = {IP4Address("10.*.*.*"),IP4Address("192.168.*.*"),
	IP4Address("172.16.*.*"),IP4Address("172.17.*.*"), IP4Address("172.18.*.*"),IP4Address("172.19.*.*"),
	IP4Address("172.20.*.*"),IP4Address("172.21.*.*"),IP4Address("172.22.*.*"),IP4Address("172.23.*.*"),
	IP4Address("172.241.*.*"),IP4Address("172.25.*.*"),IP4Address("172.26.*.*"),IP4Address("172.27.*.*"),
	IP4Address("172.28.*.*"),IP4Address("172.29.*.*"),IP4Address("172.30.*.*"),IP4Address("172.31.*.*")
};

const IP4Address IP4Address::_localIP = IP4Address("127.*.*.*");

const IP4Address IP4Address::_APIPA = IP4Address("169.254.*.*");

std::vector<IP4Address> IP4Address::_myIPs = std::vector<IP4Address>() ;

IP4Address IP4Address::_externalIP =IP4Address("*.*.*.*");
//============================================================================
void IP4Address::loadIPs() {
	_myIPs = available();
}


//=====================================================================
void IP4Address::setExternal(const std::string &address) {
	IP4Address::_externalIP = lookup(address);
}

//=====================================================================
std::vector<std::string> IP4Address::parseIP(const std::string &ip) {
	// Examples:  	192.168.1.0
	//			192..1.0
	//			192.*.1.0
	
	std::vector<std::string> rvalue ;
	std::string::size_type startloc = 0 ;
	std::string::size_type endloc =ip.size();
	std::size_t increment = 0 ;
	for (increment = 0; increment<3;increment++) {
		if (startloc >= ip.size()){
			endloc = std::string::npos;
		}
		else {
			endloc = ip.find(".",startloc) ;
		}
		std::string entry ;
		entry = "";
		// Coudn't find it
		if (endloc== std::string::npos) {
			if (startloc < ip.size()){
				entry = ip.substr(startloc);
			}
		}
		else {
			entry = ip.substr(startloc,endloc-startloc);
		}
		if (entry.empty()){
			entry = "*";
		}
		rvalue.push_back(entry);
		if (endloc == std::string::npos){
			break;
		}
		startloc = endloc + 1 ;
	}
	if (increment <3) {
		for (auto i = increment + 1 ; i < 4; i++){
			rvalue.push_back("*");
		}
	}
	else {
		// just need to find the last
		std::string entry;
		if (startloc < ip.size()){
			entry = ip.substr(startloc);
		}
		if (entry.empty()){
			entry = "*";
		}
		rvalue.push_back(entry);
	}
	return rvalue ;
}
//====================================================================
unsigned int IP4Address::createIP(const std::string &ip){
	auto values = parseIP(ip);
	std::vector<char> numbers ;
	numbers.resize(4,0);
	for (auto i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i++){
		if (values[i] !="*"){
			numbers[i] = static_cast<char>(std::stoi(values[i])) ;
		}
	}
	return *reinterpret_cast<unsigned int*>(numbers.data());
}
//====================================================================
std::string IP4Address::string() const {
	return _components[0] + "." + _components[1]+ "." + _components[2] + "." + _components[3];
}
//====================================================================
IP4Address::IP4Address() {
	_components.resize(4,"*");
}
//====================================================================
IP4Address::IP4Address(unsigned int address) : IP4Address() {
	_components.clear();
	_components.push_back(std::to_string(((address>>24)&0xFF))) ;
	_components.push_back(std::to_string(((address>>16)&0xFF))) ;
	_components.push_back(std::to_string(((address>>8)&0xFF))) ;
	_components.push_back(std::to_string(((address)&0xFF))) ;

}
//====================================================================
IP4Address::IP4Address(const std::string &address) : IP4Address(){
	_components = parseIP(address);
}
//====================================================================
IP4Address& IP4Address::operator=(const std::string &address){
	_components.clear();
	_components  = parseIP(address);
	return *this;
}
//====================================================================
IP4Address& IP4Address::operator=(const unsigned int &address){
	_components.clear();
	_components.push_back(std::to_string(((address>>24)&0xFF))) ;
	_components.push_back(std::to_string(((address>>16)&0xFF))) ;
	_components.push_back(std::to_string(((address>>8)&0xFF))) ;
	_components.push_back(std::to_string(((address)&0xFF))) ;
	return *this;

}

//=========================================================================
std::vector<IP4Address> IP4Address::deviceIPs()  {
	return _myIPs;
}
//=========================================================================
std::string IP4Address::externalIP() {
	return _externalIP.string();
}

//====================================================================
bool IP4Address::operator==(const IP4Address &address) const {
	return match(address,4);
}
//====================================================================
bool IP4Address::operator!=(const IP4Address &address) const {
	return !match(address,4);
}

//====================================================================
bool IP4Address::match(const IP4Address &address, int level) const {
	for (auto i = 0 ; i < level ; i++){
		if (!((_components[i] =="*") || (address._components[i]=="*"))){
			if (_components[i] != address._components[i]) {
				return false ;
			}
		}
	}
	return true ;
	
}
//=====================================================================
IP4Address::typeIP IP4Address::type(bool notmine ) const{
	// Check for a match!
	if (!notmine){
		for (auto &entry: _myIPs){
			if (entry == *this){
				return mine;
			}
		}
	}
	if (_externalIP == *this) {
		return mine ;
	}
	if (*this == _localIP){
		return local;
	}
	
	if (*this == _APIPA){
		return apipa ;
	}
	for (auto &entry: _privateIPs){
		if (entry == *this){
			return lan;
		}
	}
	return wan;
}
//============================================================================
IP4Address IP4Address::respond(IP4Address &address){
	// get the type
	auto ttype = address.type(false);
	if (ttype == mine) {
		// respond with local host
		return IP4Address("127.0.0.1");
	}
	else if (ttype == lan){
		return bestMatch(address);
	}
	return IP4Address::_externalIP;
}

//===================================================================
const IP4Address& IP4Address::bestMatch(const IP4Address &address){
	if (_myIPs.size() == 0){
		return _externalIP;
	}
	auto matchcount = 0 ;
	auto index = -1;
	for (auto i = 0 ; i < _myIPs.size() ; i++){
		auto count = 0 ;
		for (auto j= 0 ; j<4 ; j++) {
			if (_myIPs[i]._components[j] != address._components[j]) {
				break;
			}
			count = count + 1 ;
		}
		if (count >= matchcount){
			index = i ;
			matchcount = count ;
		}
	}
	if (matchcount == 0){
		return _externalIP;
	}
	else {
		return _myIPs[index];
	}
}
//====================================================================
unsigned int IP4Address::littleEndian() const {
	return convert(3,-1);
}
//====================================================================
unsigned int IP4Address::bigEndian() const{
	return convert(0,1);
}
//====================================================================
unsigned int IP4Address::convert(int start, int increment) const{
	unsigned int address =0;
	auto count = start ;
	for (auto &entry: _components){
		unsigned int temp =0;
		try {
			temp = static_cast<unsigned int>(std::stoi(entry));
		}
		catch(...) {
			temp = 0 ;
		}
		address = (temp << (count*8) ) | address;
		count = count +increment ;
	}
	return address ;
}

//====================================================================
bool IP4Address::valid() const {
	for (auto &entry : _components){
		if (entry != "*"){
			try {
				auto value = std::stoi(entry) ;
				if( (value <0 ) || (value>255)) {
					
					return false ;
				}
				
			}
			catch(...) {
				return false ;
			}
		}
	}
	return true ;
}

//====================================================================
IP4Address IP4Address::lookup(const std::string& address){
	struct addrinfo hints;
	struct addrinfo *result, *rp;
	std::memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
	hints.ai_family = AF_INET;    /* Allow IPv4 or IPv6 */
	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM; /* Datagram socket */
	hints.ai_flags = 0;
	hints.ai_protocol = 0;          /* Any protocol */
#if PLATFORM == WINDOWS
	WSAData wsdata;
	int startresult = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsdata);
	if (startresult != 0) {
		throw std::runtime_error(std::string("Error start Winsock: ") + std::to_string(startresult));
	}
#endif
	int status = getaddrinfo(address.c_str(), nullptr, &hints, &result);
	if (status != 0) {
#if PLATFORM == WINDOWS
		WSACleanup();
#endif
		
		return IP4Address(address);
		/*
#if PLATFORM == WINDOWS
		WSACleanup();
		throw std::runtime_error(std::string("Error on DNS lookup for ") + address+std::string(" : ") + std::to_string(WSAGetLastError()));
#else
		throw std::runtime_error(std::string("Error on DNS lookup for ") + address+std::string(" : ")+std::string(gai_strerror(status)));
#endif
		 */
	}
	else {
		for (rp = result; rp != nullptr; rp = rp->ai_next) {
			if (rp->ai_family == AF_INET){
				sockaddr_in adr = *reinterpret_cast<sockaddr_in*>(rp->ai_addr);
				auto number =  ntohl(adr.sin_addr.s_addr);
				freeaddrinfo(result);
#if PLATFORM == WINDOWS
				WSACleanup();
#endif
				return IP4Address(number) ;
				
			}
		}
		freeaddrinfo(result);
		return IP4Address();
	}

}


// Unfortunately, the approach here for the unix/windows is almost totally
// different, so effectively, to completely different routines
#if PLATFORM == WINDOWS
//====================================================================
std::vector<IP4Address> IP4Address::available() {
	/* Note: could also use malloc() and free() */

	std::vector<IP4Address> rvalue;
	std::string device ;
	IP4Address device_address ;
	
	
		/* Declare and initialize variables */
		
		DWORD dwSize = 0;
		DWORD dwRetVal = 0;
		
		unsigned int i = 0;
		
		// Set the flags to pass to GetAdaptersAddresses
		ULONG flags = GAA_FLAG_INCLUDE_PREFIX;
		
		// default to unspecified address family (both)
		ULONG family = AF_INET;
		
		LPVOID lpMsgBuf = NULL;
		
		PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES pAddresses = NULL;
		ULONG outBufLen = 0;
		ULONG Iterations = 0;
		
		PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES pCurrAddresses = NULL;
		PIP_ADAPTER_UNICAST_ADDRESS pUnicast = NULL;
		PIP_ADAPTER_ANYCAST_ADDRESS pAnycast = NULL;
		PIP_ADAPTER_MULTICAST_ADDRESS pMulticast = NULL;
		IP_ADAPTER_DNS_SERVER_ADDRESS* pDnServer = NULL;
		IP_ADAPTER_PREFIX* pPrefix = NULL;
		
		// Allocate a 15 KB buffer to start with.
		outBufLen = WORKING_BUFFER_SIZE;
		
		do {
			
			pAddresses = (IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES*)MALLOC(outBufLen);
			if (pAddresses == nullptr) {
				throw std::runtime_error("Memory allocation files for IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES");
			}
			
			dwRetVal =
			GetAdaptersAddresses(family, flags, NULL, pAddresses, &outBufLen);
			
			if (dwRetVal == ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW) {
				FREE(pAddresses);
				pAddresses = NULL;
			}
			else {
				break;
			}
			
			Iterations++;
			
		} while ((dwRetVal == ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW) && (Iterations < MAX_TRIES));
		
		if (dwRetVal == NO_ERROR) {
			// If successful, output some information from the data we received
			pCurrAddresses = pAddresses;
			while (pCurrAddresses) {
				
				
				
				pUnicast = pCurrAddresses->FirstUnicastAddress;
				if (pUnicast != nullptr) {
					if (pUnicast->Address.lpSockaddr->sa_family == AF_INET) {
						for (i = 0; pUnicast != nullptr; i++) {
							const int friendlen = 200;
							
							char friendly[friendlen];
							std::memset(friendly, 0, friendlen);
							sockaddr_in* sa_in = (sockaddr_in*)pUnicast->Address.lpSockaddr;
							device_address = IP4Address(ntohl(sa_in->sin_addr.S_un.S_addr ));
						
							if (device_address != _APIPA) {
								//ourdevice.address = inet_ntop(AF_INET, &(sa_in->sin_addr), buff, bufflen);
								BOOL conv = false;
								device = "";
								if (WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, pCurrAddresses->FriendlyName, -1, friendly, friendlen, 0, &conv)> 0) {
									device = friendly;
								}
								if (!device.empty()){
									// The device has a name, might be intersted
									if (device.find("(WSL)")== std::string::npos){
										// we dont want a psuedo WSL device on windows
										rvalue.push_back(device_address) ;
									}
								}

							}
							pUnicast = pUnicast->Next;
						}
					}
					
					
				}
				
				pCurrAddresses = pCurrAddresses->Next;
			}
		}
		else {
			
			if (dwRetVal != ERROR_NO_DATA) {
				if (pAddresses)
					FREE(pAddresses);
				
				throw std::runtime_error("Unable to get address info");
			}
		}
		
		if (pAddresses) {
			FREE(pAddresses);
		}
		return rvalue;
}
#else
std::vector<IP4Address> IP4Address::available() {
	std::vector<IP4Address> rvalue ;
	struct ifaddrs * ifAddrStruct=NULL;
	struct ifaddrs * ifa=NULL;
	void * tmpAddrPtr=NULL;
	IP4Address device_address ;
	
	getifaddrs(&ifAddrStruct);
	
	for (ifa = ifAddrStruct; ifa != NULL; ifa = ifa->ifa_next) {
		if (!ifa->ifa_addr) {
			continue;
		}
		if (ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family == AF_INET) { // check it is IP4
			// is a valid IP4 Address
			tmpAddrPtr=&((struct sockaddr_in *)ifa->ifa_addr)->sin_addr;
			auto holder = *reinterpret_cast<sockaddr_in *>(ifa->ifa_addr);
			auto addr = IP4Address(ntohl(holder.sin_addr.s_addr));
			if (addr != _APIPA){
				rvalue.push_back(addr);
			}
		}
	}
	if (ifAddrStruct!=NULL) {
		freeifaddrs(ifAddrStruct);
	}
	return rvalue ;
}

#endif
#endif